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FROM ENGLISH CHRONICLERS 201
Therefore the greater part of the knights left their horses
and became foot-soldiers. The picked men of these, mixed
with archers, were arrayed in the front rank ; while the rest,
excepting the disposers and prompters of the fight, were massed
with the barons in the heart of the battle, near to and around
the Standard. 1 And the rest of the host surrounded them,
formed closely on all sides. But the company of horse and the
horses of the knights were removed a little farther, lest they
should be frightened by the shouting and din of the Scots. 2
AlLRED OF RlEVAULX, DE STANDARDO, IN CHRONICLES OF
STEPHEN, ETC., VOL. Ill, PP. 191-192.
But the southerns, since they were few, very wisely massed
into one column. For the most vigorous knights were placed
in the first front, and the lancers and archers so distributed
through them that they were protected by the arms of the
knights, and could with equally greater vigour and security
either attack the enemy or receive his attack.
But the nobles who were of maturer age were arrayed (that
they might support the others) around the royal banner, some
being placed higher than the rest upon the machine itself.
lances were
Shield was joined to shield, side pressed to side ;
raised with pennons unfurled, hauberks glittered in the brilliance
of the sun ; priests, white-clad in their sacred robes, went round
1
According to A. of R., De S., in Chr. of Ste., etc., iii, 182-183, the
leaders of the English army were William, earl of Albemarle ; Walter of
Gaunt ; Ilbert de Lacy ; Robert de Bruce, who " although he very greatly
loved the king of Scotland, yet failed not his people in this crisis," (u.s. 182,)
with his son Adam [Robert died in 1142, Adam in 1143, according to J. of H.,
in S. of D., ii, 312, 315 ;] Roger de Mowbray ; Walter Espec, who receives
from Ailred special eulogy. (He was the founder of the Cistercian monastery
of Rievaulx, whence were founded " very many monasteries in both kingdoms
; that is, of England and of Scotland," A. of R., u.s., 184. For the
arrival of the Cistercians cf. supra, s.a. 1113.)
Ralph Nowel is placed first on the list by Hoved., i, 195.
J. of H., in S. of D., ii, 293, includes in his list of the leaders de Percy,
de Balliol, de Courcy, Fossard, de Estuteville ; Peverel, de Ferrers and
Halsalin.
The barons took oaths to conquer or die ; A. of R., u.s., 189 ; R. of H.,
ibid., iii, 162.
After the victory Stephen " made William of Albemarle earl in York-
shire, and Robert de Ferrers earl in Derbyshire," J. of H., in S. of
295. Cf. R. of H., in Chr. of Ste., etc., iii, 165.
Cf. also R. de T., ibid., iv, 135 ; Ann. of Wav., in A.M., ii, 227.
D., ii,
M.P.,
Chr. Maj., ii, 167.
2
Cf. A. of R., De S., u.s., 189 :
"
And that the hope of flight should
be wholly removed from them all, they decided to remove all their horses
farther, and to engage as infantry, wishing either to die or to conquer."
Cf. J. of H., in S. of D., ii, 293.