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FROM ENGLISH CHRONICLERS 187
around Clitheroe encountered a force of English knights
arrayed against him in four troops. This force he put to
flight by the stoutness of his first attack, and gave them up
to slaughter ; and carried off much spoil, and a multitude of
captives.
[This battle was waged between the English and the Picts
and Scots at Clitheroe, on the sixth day of the week, the
fifteenth l before the nativity of St. John the Baptist, in the
aforesaid year, that is, in 1138.] 2
RICHARD OF HEXHAM, DE GESTIS REGIS STEPHANI, IN
CHRONICLES OF STEPHEN, ETC., VOL. Ill, PP. 156-159.
They spared therefore no rank, no age, neither sex, no
condition and first ; slaughtered as pitiably as they could
children and relatives in the sight of their kindred, and
masters in the sight of their servants, and conversely and
;
husbands before the eyes of their wives : then, alas ! promiscuously
with the other women and with their spoil, they
carried off as well the noble widowed matrons and the chaste
maidens. Stripped also, and bound and fastened together
in troops by cords and thongs, they drove them away before
them, goading them with their spears and arrows.
This same thing they did in other wars, but to a greater
extent in this.
Thereafter when these were apportioned with the spoil
certain of [the enemy] were moved to pity, and set some of
them free, giving them up to the church of St. Mary in Carlisle.
But the Picts and many others took with them to
their country those who fell to their lot. And then these
bestial men, who regard as nothing adultery and incest and
the other crimes, after they were weary of abusing these most
hapless creatures after the manner of brute beasts, either
made them their slaves or sold them to other barbarians for
cows.
Now so soon as the king of Scotland learned of this [vic-
tory at Clitheroe] he rejoiced with his followers with great
joy, and began to assail the aforesaid fortress [of Norham]
more vigorously than usual. The townsmen at first defended
themselves very well ; but afterwards because they were
few, and several of them had been wounded, and indeed
they were [in all] but nine knights ; and also because they
hoped for no aid from their lord Geoffrey, bishop of Durham ,
1 10th June.
2 The sentence in brackets is a later insertion. Arnold, ibid,, note.