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FROM ENGLISH CHRONICLERS 93<br />
<strong>in</strong> front of their drivers, and fell of a sudden to the ground, the<br />
place of their fall was the place of their death also.<br />
Malcolm regarded these th<strong>in</strong>gs, and was turned to pity by no<br />
tears, no groans of the wretched ; but <strong>in</strong>stead commanded<br />
them to be further hastened on the way. x<br />
T<strong>here</strong>fore <strong>Scotland</strong> was filled with slaves and handmaids of<br />
English race, so that even to <strong>this</strong> day <strong>can</strong>not be found, I say<br />
not a hamlet, but even a hut without them.<br />
When Malcolm had returned to <strong>Scotland</strong> bishop Ethelw<strong>in</strong><br />
set sail for Cologne ; but immediately a contrary w<strong>in</strong>d arose<br />
and drove him back to <strong>Scotland</strong>. 2 And thither also with a<br />
favour<strong>in</strong>g course it carried Edgar Ethel<strong>in</strong>g, with his companions<br />
above-named. 3<br />
And <strong>this</strong> Edgar's sister, Margaret, k<strong>in</strong>g Malcolm united to<br />
himself <strong>in</strong> wedlock, with the consent of her k<strong>in</strong>dred : a woman<br />
noble <strong>in</strong> her royal descent, but much more noble <strong>in</strong> her prudence<br />
and religion. And by her zeal and <strong>in</strong>dustry the k<strong>in</strong>g himself<br />
laid aside his barbarity of manners, and became more honourable<br />
and more ref<strong>in</strong>ed.<br />
1070<br />
, ANGLO-SAXON<br />
CHRONICLE, MS. D, S.A. 1067. 4<br />
Then the k<strong>in</strong>g Malcolm began to yearn for [Edgar's] sister<br />
J<br />
, The chronicler has al<strong>read</strong>y sacrificed his credibility by the malice of his<br />
account of the Wearmouth <strong>in</strong>cident.<br />
2<br />
Of. Chr. of Abps., <strong>in</strong> Ra<strong>in</strong>e's York, ii, 356-357.<br />
"<br />
And he passed the w<strong>in</strong>ter t<strong>here</strong>," S. of D., H.D.E., i, 105.<br />
"<br />
Edw<strong>in</strong> of Mercia also decided to take refuge <strong>in</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> ; but while<br />
yet upon the way he fell a victim to treachery, and was sla<strong>in</strong> by his own<br />
people." Fl. of W., ii, 9. Cf. W. of M., G.R., ii, 310-311 ; H. of H., 205.<br />
Ethelw<strong>in</strong> and Siward Barn next year (1071) sailed from <strong>Scotland</strong> and<br />
jo<strong>in</strong>ed Morcar and Hereward <strong>in</strong> Ely. T<strong>here</strong> all but Hereward were taken<br />
by the k<strong>in</strong>g ; A.S.C., MS. E, s.a. 1071 ; Fl. of W., ii, 9 ; S. of D., H.R., ii,<br />
195; Hoved., i, 125. Ethelw<strong>in</strong> died <strong>in</strong> prison, accused of theft, accord<strong>in</strong>g<br />
to S. of D., H.D.E., i, 105 ; cf. i, 92, 94. So also his brother Ethelric : cf.<br />
also W. of M., G.P., 271.<br />
3 A. of R., Epistola, <strong>in</strong> Twysden, 367 :<br />
"<br />
But Edgar Ethel<strong>in</strong>g, see<strong>in</strong>g<br />
the affairs of the English disturbed on every side, went on board ship with his<br />
mother and sisters and endeavoured to return to the land [of Hungary]<br />
<strong>in</strong> which he had been born. But a storm arose on the sea, and he was compelled<br />
to land <strong>in</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>. On <strong>this</strong> opportunity it occurred that Margaret was<br />
given to k<strong>in</strong>g Malcolm <strong>in</strong> wedlock. And of her praiseworthy life and precious<br />
death, a <strong>book</strong> published about these th<strong>in</strong>gs gives sufficient <strong>in</strong>formation.<br />
Her sister Christ<strong>in</strong>a was blessed as Christ's spouse." For Christ<strong>in</strong>a cf. <strong>in</strong>fra,<br />
s.a. 1093, note. In the Hengwrt MS. of H. of H. (pp. 296-297) a copyist<br />
of the end of the twelfth century has erased " returned to <strong>Scotland</strong>," and<br />
has <strong>in</strong>serted the above passage almost completely. Cf. M.P., Chr. Maj., ii, 2;<br />
.ti./i., i ? y.<br />
4 This passage is probably an <strong>in</strong>terpolation from some life of St. Margaret,<br />
added after 1100 ; see Plummer, S.C., ii, pp. Ixxviii, 260, 262-263.<br />
A letter from Lanfranc to Margaret, 1070 x 1089, is <strong>in</strong> H. & S., ii, 155-156.