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FROM ENGLISH CHRONICLERS 89
1069, Dec.
SYMEON OF DURHAM, HISTORIA DUNELMENSIS ECCLESI^,
VOL. I, P. 102.
But to return for a little to the foregoing : during
said flight, 1
the afore-
by which [bishop Ethelwin and the elders] escaped
with the body of the holy father [Cuthbert] to the above-named
island [of Lindisfarne], a man of great authority beyond the
river Tyne, called Gillomichael, 2 that is, the " lad of Michael,"
by contrariety, for he would have been more justly named
"
lad of the devil," inflicted many injuries upon the fugitives,
by impeding their journey, afflicting their persons, despoiling
them, and doing all the evil that he could. But not with
impunity.
. . .
3
1069 1070
WILLIAM OF MALMESBURY, GESTA REGUM, VOL. II, PP. 307-308.
York, the sole refuge of rebellion, [William] almost destroyed,
the citizens being done to death by hunger and the
sword. 4
For there Malcolm, king of Scots, with his subjects ;
Edgar
there
and Morcar and Waldeve with the Angles and the
Danes, often cherished the nest of 5
brigandage. Often they
6
assassinated [William's] rulers.
1 I.e., upon the approach of William ; ibid., 100-101. They
the llth December, 1069 ; S. of D., H.R., ii, 189. H.D.E., i, 103 :
set out on
"
Because
this Gospatric had given this counsel especially, that they should flee
and leave the church. And he himself had taken away with him the greatest
part of its ornaments." But cf. H.D.E., i, 101.
Gospatric appears to have been the cousin of Malcolm III ; cf . infra,
s.a. 1072.
Ethelwin had offended the northern party by warning Robert of Cornmines
of his danger, and by entertaining him at his house, which was burned
down ; S. of D., H.R., ii, 187. He was nevertheless involved in the loss of
the northern cause ; cf. infra, s.a. 1070.
2 From his being associated with Gospatric, Gillo-Michael may be sup-
posed to have been a Scottish Celt rather than an Irish ally of the Danes.
3 In sleep one of the clergy of Durham had a vision, in which St. Cuthbert
denounced Gospatric and revealed the death and torments of Gillo-Michael :
" And there too Gillo-Michael was racked with fearful pains ;
for he lay prostrate
in the most noisome place, thrust through from side to side with a very
sharp hay-scythe, and suffered intolerable tortures. The wretch cried out,
and lamentably without intermission emitted dismal howlings and weeping
cries. For the wretch had no interval of time in which for a space to rest
from his punishment." Ibid., 103.
4 Cf. W. of M., G.P., 208. W.K., Mir. S. J., in Raine's York, i, 265-266 .
5 nidum tyrannidis.
6
duces, " earls "or " aldermen."
Cf. Lanfranc's reasons why York should have no primate ; Raine's
"
York, ii, 100 : Else it might chance, either in [king William's] time or his