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88 SCOTTISH ANNALS
tened their surrender, and refused force, and gave to the king
the keys of the city with hostages. . . .
The bishop of Durham L also entered into the king's favour,
and intervened as mediator of peace for Malcolm, king of Scots ,
and brought the conditions he received to Scotland.
And Malcolm, although [his aid] had been asked for by the
English, 2 and he had prepared to make a strong expedition in
their aid, yet became still when he heard the legation of peace ;
and sent back his messengers with rejoicing, with the bishop of
Durham, and by them swore loyal obedience to king William.
Thus he consulted his own interest and greatly pleased his
people, in that he preferred peace
to war. For the Scottish
nation, although harsh in battle, yet loves ease and quiet ;
wishes not to be disturbed by neighbouring kingdoms, being
intent upon the study of the Christian religion rather than of
arms. 3
1068
FLORENCE or WORCESTER, CHRONICON, VOL. II, P. 2, S.A. 1068.*
After this, 5 Marieswein and Gospatric and all the most
noble of the Northumbrian nation, avoiding the king's aus-
terity, and fearing that they like others should be sent to prison,
went by ship to Scotland, taking with them prince Edgar and
his mother Agatha and his two sisters, Margaret and Christina.
And there, with the peace of Malcolm, king of Scots, they passed
the winter.
1 Ethelwin became bishop of Durham in 1056, A.S.C., MS. D ; 1057,
S. of D. ? H.D.E., i, 92. Cf. infra, s.aa. 1069, 1070.
2 So also Swein of Denmark had been besought for help ; O.V., 309.
Cf. Chr. of Ab., i, 493.
3
Cf. O.V. at the end of his notice of Scottish affairs, VIII, 20, in Migne,
"
188, 622 : Behold, for the sake of the Scots, who from ancient times have
adhered to catholic faith, and have served Christian simplicity with joy, I
have prolonged somewhat the repetition entered upon."
4
Cf. S. of D., H.R., ii, 186. Hoved., i, 117.
"
A.S.C., MS. D, s.a. 1067 : And in the summer child Edgar went out
with his mother Agatha and his two sisters, Margaret and Christina ; and
with them Marleswein and many good men. And they came to Scotland under
king Malcolm's protection ; and he received them all." (Cf. Ann. of Wav.,
in A.M., ii, 190.) MS. D proceeds to give an account of the marriage of
Malcolm and Margaret ; but this is premature : v. infra, s.a. 1070.
MS. E, s.a. 1067 :
"
And in the summer child Edgar went out, and
Marleswein, and many men with them, and went to Scotland. And the king
Malcolm received them all, and took the child's sister, Margaret, to wife."
Cf. H. of H., 204. R. de D., MS. D, i, 200, n., s.a. 1068. M.P., Chr. Maj.,
ii, 2 ; H.A., i, 8-9. Fl. His., ii, 2.
5
I.e., after the coronation of Matilda, on May llth. (Florence of
Worcester makes no mention of the first rising in the north.)