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FROM ENGLISH CHRONICLERS 85
1054, July
l
ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLE, MS. D, S.A. 1054.
At this time earl Siward [of Northumbria] went with a great
army into Scotland, 2 3
with both a fleet and a land-force and
;
fought against the Scots, and put to flight the king Macbeth,
4 and slew all that were best there in the land and ; brought
thence much war-spoil, such as no man obtained before.
1 A.S.C., MS. C, s.a. 1054 : At this time earl Siward went with a great
army into Scotland, and made a great slaughter of the Scots, and put them
to flight ; and the king escaped. Also many fell on his side, both of Danes
and of English, and also his own son."
" Siward routed
Ann. of Durh., s.a. -1054, in M.G.H., SS., xix, 508 :
Macbeth, and placed Malcolm as king ; and in the following year, 1055, died
at York. And Tosti succeeded him, in the earldom."
Cf. Fl. of W., i, 212. S. of D., H.R., ii, 171. Hoved., i, 100-101. W. of
M,,. G.R., i, 236-237.
"
V.E.R., 416 :
. . . For about the same time rebelled on the one side
Griffin, king of the West Britons, on the other the king of Scots, Barbarus
by name .... And the latter was first conquered by earl Siward, with
almost the annihilation of his men, and put to shameful flight : secondly,
when ,earl Tosti controlled the earldom, and the Scots thought him inex-
perienced and therefore, holding him in less esteem, harassed him very frequently
with robbery rather than with war, an uncertain race of men, and
fickle ; and one which trusts rather in woods than in the plain, also more
in flight than in manly courage in battle, the earl aforesaid destroyed him
by both prudent strategy and warlike valour, in a hostile expedition without
loss of his men, so that [the Scots] with their king chose rather to serve than
to rebel against him and king Edward ; and to ratify this also by giving
"By king Edward's command," Fl. of W., S. of D., Hoved., W. of M.
3 "
With an army of horse and a strong fleet," Fl. of W., S. of D., Hoved.
4 "
Fl. of W., i, 212 : And slew many thousand Scots, and all the North-
men. ... And he put Macbeth to flight, and, as the king had commanded,
set up as king Malcolm, son of the king of the Cumbrians." (Cf. S. of D.,
Hoved.) Cf. M.P., Chr. Maj., i, 523.
W. of M., G.R., i, 236-237 : "By the king's command [Siward] fought
with Macbeth, king of the Scots, and deprived him of his life and kingdom ;
and there installed as king Malcolm, son of the king of the Cumbrians."
Malcolm's father Duncan had been placed by Malcolm II upon the throne
of Strathclyde after the death of Owen.
Macbeth reigned nevertheless until 1057.
The poem on Edward the Confessor's death (5th January, 1066) in
A.S.C., MSS. C and D, says that he " ruled with distinction Welsh and Scots,
and Britons also " ; ed. PL, i, 192, 193, s.a. 1065.
H. of H., 194 : "About this time Siward, the very powerful
consul of
Northumbria, almost a giant in stature, and of strong hand and mind, sent
his son to acquire Scotland.
" And when they reported to his father that he had been slain in battle
[Siward] said, 'Did he receive the mortal wound in front of his body, or
behind ? '
'
'
The messengers said, In front.' And he : replied I rejoice
wholly, for I would deem myself or my son worthy of no meaner death.'
"
Siward therefore marched into Scotland and conquered the king in
battle, destroyed the whole kingdom, and after destroying it subjugated it
to himself."
Cf. the account of Siward's own death, H. of H., 195-196.