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FROM ENGLISH CHRONICLERS 85<br />
1054, July<br />
l<br />
ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLE, MS. D, S.A. 1054.<br />
At <strong>this</strong> time earl Siward [of Northumbria] went with a great<br />
army <strong>in</strong>to <strong>Scotland</strong>, 2 3<br />
with both a fleet and a land-force and<br />
;<br />
fought aga<strong>in</strong>st the Scots, and put to flight the k<strong>in</strong>g Macbeth,<br />
4 and slew all that were best t<strong>here</strong> <strong>in</strong> the land and ; brought<br />
thence much war-spoil, such as no man obta<strong>in</strong>ed before.<br />
1 A.S.C., MS. C, s.a. 1054 : At <strong>this</strong> time earl Siward went with a great<br />
army <strong>in</strong>to <strong>Scotland</strong>, and made a great slaughter of the Scots, and put them<br />
to flight ; and the k<strong>in</strong>g escaped. Also many fell on his side, both of Danes<br />
and of English, and also his own son."<br />
" Siward routed<br />
Ann. of Durh., s.a. -1054, <strong>in</strong> M.G.H., SS., xix, 508 :<br />
Macbeth, and placed Malcolm as k<strong>in</strong>g ; and <strong>in</strong> the follow<strong>in</strong>g year, 1055, died<br />
at York. And Tosti succeeded him, <strong>in</strong> the earldom."<br />
Cf. Fl. of W., i, 212. S. of D., H.R., ii, 171. Hoved., i, 100-101. W. of<br />
M,,. G.R., i, 236-237.<br />
"<br />
V.E.R., 416 :<br />
. . . For about the same time rebelled on the one side<br />
Griff<strong>in</strong>, k<strong>in</strong>g of the West Britons, on the other the k<strong>in</strong>g of Scots, Barbarus<br />
by name .... And the latter was first conquered by earl Siward, with<br />
almost the annihilation of his men, and put to shameful flight : secondly,<br />
when ,earl Tosti controlled the earldom, and the Scots thought him <strong>in</strong>ex-<br />
perienced and t<strong>here</strong>fore, hold<strong>in</strong>g him <strong>in</strong> less esteem, harassed him very frequently<br />
with robbery rather than with war, an uncerta<strong>in</strong> race of men, and<br />
fickle ; and one which trusts rather <strong>in</strong> woods than <strong>in</strong> the pla<strong>in</strong>, also more<br />
<strong>in</strong> flight than <strong>in</strong> manly courage <strong>in</strong> battle, the earl aforesaid destroyed him<br />
by both prudent strategy and warlike valour, <strong>in</strong> a hostile expedition without<br />
loss of his men, so that [the Scots] with their k<strong>in</strong>g chose rather to serve than<br />
to rebel aga<strong>in</strong>st him and k<strong>in</strong>g Edward ; and to ratify <strong>this</strong> also by giv<strong>in</strong>g<br />
"By k<strong>in</strong>g Edward's command," Fl. of W., S. of D., Hoved., W. of M.<br />
3 "<br />
With an army of horse and a strong fleet," Fl. of W., S. of D., Hoved.<br />
4 "<br />
Fl. of W., i, 212 : And slew many thousand Scots, and all the North-<br />
men. ... And he put Macbeth to flight, and, as the k<strong>in</strong>g had commanded,<br />
set up as k<strong>in</strong>g Malcolm, son of the k<strong>in</strong>g of the Cumbrians." (Cf. S. of D.,<br />
Hoved.) Cf. M.P., Chr. Maj., i, 523.<br />
W. of M., G.R., i, 236-237 : "By the k<strong>in</strong>g's command [Siward] fought<br />
with Macbeth, k<strong>in</strong>g of the Scots, and deprived him of his life and k<strong>in</strong>gdom ;<br />
and t<strong>here</strong> <strong>in</strong>stalled as k<strong>in</strong>g Malcolm, son of the k<strong>in</strong>g of the Cumbrians."<br />
Malcolm's father Dun<strong>can</strong> had been placed by Malcolm II upon the throne<br />
of Strathclyde after the death of Owen.<br />
Macbeth reigned nevertheless until 1057.<br />
The poem on Edward the Confessor's death (5th January, 1066) <strong>in</strong><br />
A.S.C., MSS. C and D, says that he " ruled with dist<strong>in</strong>ction Welsh and Scots,<br />
and Britons also " ; ed. PL, i, 192, 193, s.a. 1065.<br />
H. of H., 194 : "About <strong>this</strong> time Siward, the very powerful<br />
consul of<br />
Northumbria, almost a giant <strong>in</strong> stature, and of strong hand and m<strong>in</strong>d, sent<br />
his son to acquire <strong>Scotland</strong>.<br />
" And when they reported to his father that he had been sla<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> battle<br />
[Siward] said, 'Did he receive the mortal wound <strong>in</strong> front of his body, or<br />
beh<strong>in</strong>d ? '<br />
'<br />
'<br />
The messengers said, In front.' And he : replied I rejoice<br />
wholly, for I would deem myself or my son worthy of no meaner death.'<br />
"<br />
Siward t<strong>here</strong>fore marched <strong>in</strong>to <strong>Scotland</strong> and conquered the k<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><br />
battle, destroyed the whole k<strong>in</strong>gdom, and after destroy<strong>in</strong>g it subjugated it<br />
to himself."<br />
Cf. the account of Siward's own death, H. of H., 195-196.