Post-medieval Oxford - Oxford City Council

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Canterbury Quad at St John’s has been subjected to a detailed architectural analysis (Colvin 1988), while conversion of rooms below the Old Library in 1975 produced much evidence of domestic life and the room decoration. Trinity College Post-medieval wall paintings have been recorded in a number of rooms in Durham Quad, including the fine mid-16th century painted wall and ceiling in the Bursary (the private study of the first President). Pottery and glass from this period were recovered from excavations in 1979 (UAD 757). University College Like Wadham and Oriel, University College was entirely rebuilt in the mid-17th century (part of the old buildings being recorded by Anthony Wood prior to demolition). A building survey in 1998 (UAD 444) recorded the hall and buttery of the college on the site of the medieval Hert Hall (UAD 1687). A second structure dating to the 17th century is thought to relate to the reconstruction of the college. Investigations at University College in 2006 encountered the remains of a possible mason’s workshop active during the re-construction of the college between 1634- 1668 prior to the construction of the kitchen between 1668 and 1669 (Teague 2006). The modern University College comprises two quadrangles and a number of 19th century additions to the rear (LB Ref 9/356F; J; K). The Main or Front Quad is entirely 17th century (LB Ref 9/356C) while the adjacent Radcliffe Quad is 18th century (LB Ref 9/356D). West of the Main Quad are two 19th century additions along the High Street (LB Ref 9/356A; B), and to the east is the 20th century Durham Buildings (LB Ref 9/356E). College material culture Documentary evidence for the expenditure of a student in the 17th century has been previously recorded (Somerset 1957). The detailed list includes tuition, rent, daily purchases for clothes, schooling and leisure pursuits such as hunting. The Oxford colleges started to establish their own wine cellars from c.1750. Prior to this, wine was supplied in bottles from taverns often with the tavern’s seal. Colleges subsequently produced their own bottles with seal designs (Haslam 1969; 1970; Banks 1997). The Ashmolean holds a large collection of Oxford bottles and seals. Part of a Lincoln College seal with the letters ‘CR’ standing for ‘Common Room’ was recovered from excavations at Lincoln College (Tyson 2002: 247). A glass assemblage recovered from the Market Street site was largely comprised of wine bottles with some drinking glasses, phials and unidentified glass fragments (Cannon 2002a: 344). Eight glass bottle seals were also recovered from the site, seven of which bore the stamp of Jesus College including two previously unrecorded designs. The implications of these seals would suggest a close relationship with the inhabitants of 5-7 Market Street and the nearby College (ibid.: 346). Several early post-medieval book clasps have been recovered from college sites e.g. The Provost Garden at Queens College (Cook 1998: 18), St John’s College (Lawrence 2004: 2). Also of note, a fine early book clasp of early-mid 17th century date was recovered from St Thomas’s Street (Allen 1999: 12-3). A copper alloy book clasp of 17th-18th century date was recorded at the Codrington Library site, All Souls (Entwhistle and Jones 2004: 49). For college pottery assemblages see below. OXFORD ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT- POST MEDIEVAL 50
Post-medieval college wall surfacing and paintings A watching brief in the screens passage of Exeter College between the Dining Hall and the Servery recorded haired lime plaster, lath and stud work, wall plaster onto limestone blocks, black painted skirting and plastered limestone painted in a two tone brown design. The wall in question in the screens passage was believed to have been built as part of the hall in 1618. However, the observed detail could date from either the 1618 phase or renovation work in 1701-3 (Newell and Munby 2001). Further painted decoration was recorded during alterations to the Front Quad at Wadham College in 1997. Wadham is of particular interest because it a relatively complete and little altered college building of early 17th date with a plan that was influential on later college buildings (e.g. University and Oriel Colleges). Traces of painted decoration executed in blues, greens and cream colours, of swirling curlicues and possible foliage motifs were recorded around a fire place in the southern range of the Quadrangle (the JCR Room) (Newell and Munby 2001). The Brasenose painting has been mentioned above. Post-medieval halls A small number of halls remained even after the Elizabethan statute requiring students to live in colleges, though they were often virtually college annexes (e.g. St Mary Hall and Oriel; Magdalen Hall and College; Alban Hall and Merton College). New Inn Hall An academic hall, Trillock's Inn, was rebuilt in the 15th century and renamed New Inn Hall (Pantin 1959-60). It maintained this status until 1887, when it passed to Balliol College. It has since become part of St Peter's College. The buildings were recorded on Williams' map of Oxford (1733) and by the university surveyor in the early 19th century and further recording was carried out by Hurst before alterations (UAD 1384). The west range of Trillock's Inn was demolished and the east wing along New Inn Hall Street rebuilt, although a small fragment of a chimney remains visible on the street front (UAD 1545). St Edmund Hall St Edmund Hall became a college in 1957. It retains a sequence of 15th-20th century buildings (excluding the 12th century St Peter in the East used as a library). OXFORD ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT- POST MEDIEVAL 51
Page 1 and 2: OXFORD ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE ASSE
Page 3 and 4: The university ....................
Page 5 and 6: Introduction This assessment summar
Page 7 and 8: Rural settlement: the pattern of se
Page 9 and 10: o Material from the construction of
Page 11 and 12: survived until the 19th century and
Page 13 and 14: Archaeological evidence The princip
Page 15 and 16: Suburban settlement The development
Page 17 and 18: Limited salvage recording of post-m
Page 19 and 20: density. By the late 18th century,
Page 21 and 22: Rural settlement Binsey No signific
Page 23 and 24: works within the former churchyard
Page 25 and 26: sample of 14 were fully or partly e
Page 27 and 28: ief also recorded some interior wal
Page 29 and 30: Raised causeways across the marshy
Page 31 and 32: iv). The wharf was surveyed in 1971
Page 33 and 34: stamps denoting quality control) an
Page 35 and 36: Taverns Taverns were specifically l
Page 37 and 38: Excavations in 1992 found the base
Page 39 and 40: Magdalen College (RPG 1403) The Gra
Page 41 and 42: Thought to have been carved in the
Page 43 and 44: The Sheldonian Theatre The Sheldoni
Page 45 and 46: The colleges The growth of the univ
Page 47 and 48: developed throughout the mid-19th c
Page 49: evealed two substantial earth-fast
Page 53 and 54: To the north-west, the inner line i
Page 55 and 56: photographs have revealed the prese
Page 57 and 58: (1796), included a detailed and fai
Page 59 and 60: Material culture The categories of
Page 61 and 62: in 2008 have contributed further to
Page 63 and 64: Archaeological investigations at Re
Page 65 and 66: century jettons in total along with
Page 67 and 68: Bibliography Adam, N J, 2011 Worces
Page 69 and 70: Braybrooke, T, 2010 Oxford Universi
Page 71 and 72: De Goris, J, 1971 Post-Medieval Pot
Page 73 and 74: Hibbert, C, 1988 The Encyclopaedia
Page 75 and 76: Minn, H 1943-4 Drawings by J.B. Mal
Page 77 and 78: Oxford Archaeological Unit, 2001c M
Page 79 and 80: Smith, G, 1995 St Bartholomew’s C
Page 81 and 82: Worthington, M, and Miles, D, 2007
Page 83 and 84: Substantial amount of post-medieval
Page 85 and 86: Post-medieval cess pit with quantit
Page 87 and 88: Source: UAD 133. St Aldate’s, BT
Page 89 and 90: Source: UAD 181. Exeter College 198
Page 91 and 92: 17th century brass token recorded S
Page 93 and 94: Evidence of redevelopment of site f
Page 95 and 96: Appendix 2: Figures Figure 1: Civil

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