Post-medieval Oxford - Oxford City Council

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Site Description Source The Lion Brewery (UAD 416) Excavated floor surface Moore 2006 22 St Michael’s Street (UAD 1280) Excavated floor surface UAD 1280 9 Ship Street (UAD 1281) Excavated floor surface, undated UAD 19 Holywell Street (UAD 1442) Excavated in 19th century Hurst,1887 Beef Lane (UAD 1443) Recorded observation Hurst,1887 The Hamel (UAD 1444) Recorded observation Hurst 1887 Holybush Row (UAD 1445) Sack for bone floor Hurst 1887 Logic Lane (UAD 1446) Recorded observation Hurst 1887 Ashmolean Museum (UAD 1447) 17th century bone floor Hurst 1887 59 George Street (UAD 1454) Recorded observation Hurst 1887 Black Swan, George Street (UAD 1455) Recorded observation Hurst 1887 Littlegate Street Ongoing excavation Oxford Archaeology forthcoming Table 3: Location of bone floors in Oxford Former monastic precinct – Greyfriars The St Ebbe’s redevelopment also offered an opportunity to investigate the impact of the Dissolution on the precinct of the Greyfriars. By 1544, the Greyfriars had largely been demolished, although parts of the choir and nave remained as property divisions until the building of the Westgate Centre. Post-Dissolution, the site was subject to property speculation, eventually leading to sub-division and the laying out of the street frontages. The excavation largely investigated areas to the rear of the later frontages and therefore largely encountered rubbish pitting. One 17th century pit near to the north choir wall contained luxury glass beakers, another pit contained butchery waste, (Hassall and Halpin et al. 1984: 173). An 18th century pit contained the bones of domestic fowl and spur cut-offs, thought to be related to the use of metal spurs to prepare cocks for fighting. Another notable pit assemblage of late 18th century date contained Chinese porcelain tea and coffee wares, and exotic glassware. The former orchard of the Greyfriars, known as ‘Paradise’ contained 18th century pits that produced notable pottery and glass assemblages. Another 18th century pit produced a horn-core lining, no doubt linked to the known nearby tanneries; the same pit produced a piece of glass chemistry apparatus (ibid.: 174). The investigations noted that by the 17th century, the market space outside the castle barbican had seen significant encroachment following its closure in 1578. Deposits associated with the demolition or robbing of structural elements of the Greyfriars were present in numerous evaluation trenches excavated at the Westgate Car Park in 2006 and 2008. The evaluation also recorded the post-medieval fills of the Trill Mill channel cut by the construction cuts for the 18th century canal constructed along the channel, (Bashford 2008). Former monastic precinct – Rewley Abbey Extensive trial trenching within the precinct of the Rewley Abbey between 1986 and 1994 produced remarkably little evidence for post-medieval activity. The site remained occupied until the 19th century; a sequence of mortared floors from the retained north range and domestic waste including a small assemblage of glass bottles were recovered. Much of the grounds of the former abbey were converted to a formal garden and possible ponds; a stone lined irrigation drain and garden soils were noted (Munby et al. 2007: 29-31). OXFORD ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT- POST MEDIEVAL 20
Rural settlement Binsey No significant post-medieval archaeological evidence has been recorded at Binsey to date. A small number of 18th-19th century gravel pits were recorded on the OS 1 st edition map (OHER 2612). Medley Manor By the 16 th century, the small settlement at Medley comprised the manor house only (see Medieval Resource Assessment for further information). Wyke DMV A small settlement at the south end of Binsey Lane referred to in the medieval period appears to have been abandoned by the 16th century (see Medieval Resource Assessment for further information). Cowley The parish remained small throughout the post-medieval period, numbering 195 inhabitants in 1675 in the two hamlets (Lobel 1957: 77). The main road through the parish has always been the Cowley Road through Temple Cowley with the smaller Church Cowley located to the south-west. The road was known to have had a causeway crossing the marsh in 1605 at least (Lobel 1957: 80). Cowley Marsh was used by farmers in Temple Cowley as a source of peat in the 18th century to replace the scarce wood resources (Moore 2003: 5). Archaeological investigations at the former Joinery Works, 77 Temple Cowley Road, recorded evidence of a late post-medieval cottage fronting on to the road with associated pottery from the 18th-19th century (Hardy 1993: 4). The 17th century Manor House at Temple Cowley was subject to building recording and watching brief during the demolition of its remnant parts in 1997 (Muir and Newell 1999). Bartlemas Hospital, on the edge of Cowley Marsh survived the Dissolution under the ownership of Oriel College and was finally repaired and converted into an almshouse in the mid 17th century (Smith 1995: 6). It remained an almshouse until the 19th century when it was considered no longer necessary. Headington No medieval domestic structures survive from the village although 17 th and 18 th century terraces and farmhouses survive around the church. There are also several 17 th century Grade II listed walls in the village and these may indicate that many of the plots incorporated small walled enclosures, possibly for orchards to the rear of the houses. The 19 th century Lower Farm House at Dunstan Road, Headington was subject to extensive trial trenching in 2002. The trenching revealed evidence for a 17 th -18 th century precursor (RPS 2002). Barton The hamlet of Barton survives into the 20 th century when it was subsumed within modern development however, all that remains is the 18 th century farmhouse (LB Ref 25/53) and the 17 th century garden wall (LB Ref 25/53a). Wick All that remains extant of the hamlet is the 18 th century farmhouse. OXFORD ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT- POST MEDIEVAL 21
Page 1 and 2: OXFORD ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE ASSE
Page 3 and 4: The university ....................
Page 5 and 6: Introduction This assessment summar
Page 7 and 8: Rural settlement: the pattern of se
Page 9 and 10: o Material from the construction of
Page 11 and 12: survived until the 19th century and
Page 13 and 14: Archaeological evidence The princip
Page 15 and 16: Suburban settlement The development
Page 17 and 18: Limited salvage recording of post-m
Page 19: density. By the late 18th century,
Page 23 and 24: works within the former churchyard
Page 25 and 26: sample of 14 were fully or partly e
Page 27 and 28: ief also recorded some interior wal
Page 29 and 30: Raised causeways across the marshy
Page 31 and 32: iv). The wharf was surveyed in 1971
Page 33 and 34: stamps denoting quality control) an
Page 35 and 36: Taverns Taverns were specifically l
Page 37 and 38: Excavations in 1992 found the base
Page 39 and 40: Magdalen College (RPG 1403) The Gra
Page 41 and 42: Thought to have been carved in the
Page 43 and 44: The Sheldonian Theatre The Sheldoni
Page 45 and 46: The colleges The growth of the univ
Page 47 and 48: developed throughout the mid-19th c
Page 49 and 50: evealed two substantial earth-fast
Page 51 and 52: Post-medieval college wall surfacin
Page 53 and 54: To the north-west, the inner line i
Page 55 and 56: photographs have revealed the prese
Page 57 and 58: (1796), included a detailed and fai
Page 59 and 60: Material culture The categories of
Page 61 and 62: in 2008 have contributed further to
Page 63 and 64: Archaeological investigations at Re
Page 65 and 66: century jettons in total along with
Page 67 and 68: Bibliography Adam, N J, 2011 Worces
Page 69 and 70: Braybrooke, T, 2010 Oxford Universi
Page 71 and 72:
De Goris, J, 1971 Post-Medieval Pot
Page 73 and 74:
Hibbert, C, 1988 The Encyclopaedia
Page 75 and 76:
Minn, H 1943-4 Drawings by J.B. Mal
Page 77 and 78:
Oxford Archaeological Unit, 2001c M
Page 79 and 80:
Smith, G, 1995 St Bartholomew’s C
Page 81 and 82:
Worthington, M, and Miles, D, 2007
Page 83 and 84:
Substantial amount of post-medieval
Page 85 and 86:
Post-medieval cess pit with quantit
Page 87 and 88:
Source: UAD 133. St Aldate’s, BT
Page 89 and 90:
Source: UAD 181. Exeter College 198
Page 91 and 92:
17th century brass token recorded S
Page 93 and 94:
Evidence of redevelopment of site f
Page 95 and 96:
Appendix 2: Figures Figure 1: Civil
show all

Post-medieval Oxford - Oxford City Council

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?