Style sheet (pdf)

You need not give a reference for recognised facts or generally accepted ideas and
opinions. For example, you should write:
Factual texts and works of literature serve different functions.
Although it is true that the point that factual texts and works of literature are
different was explained by a certain author, it is a general fact and not a discovery or
product of intellectual insight. Naturally, if the phrase above were exactly what was
written, it must be quoted verbatim.
In paraphrases, just as for quotations (5.2.2), the final full stop is always placed
after the reference:
According to Hoey, cohesion refers to features that connect a sentence to the
sentences surrounding it in a text (1991: 3).
If you wish to clarify that you have drawn on the same source for several lines, you
need to include an overt statement to this effect within your own text:
Hale (2008: 62-63) explains the importance basing one‟s theory clearly upon the
assumptions one has made regarding what motivates the subjects‟ behaviour within
the theory framework. He explains that with regard to the relational theory of
ethnicity individual‟s behaviour can be most helpfully assumed to be that which
maximises their life chances. No further level of detail is actually necessary at this
stage in the current research, though he admits that it may be useful for others
working in the same area in the future.
5.4 Summaries
In situations where you wish to describe the contents of an entire work or chapter of
a work, you should summarise. You explain the subject and aim of the work (or
chapter) without necessarily going into great detail. You also provide the reader with
the following information: the name(s) of the author(s), the type of work (book,
article, study, etc.), the name of the work, and the year of its publication. Below is an
example of how one of Juliane House‟s works is summarised by Giuseppe Palumbo
(2009: 161) in his book Key Terms in Translation Studies (the use of bold type for
emphasis is in the original):
9