Fission Product Yield Data for the Transmutation of Minor Actinide ...

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[4.5.24] GOVERDOVSKII, A.A., MITROFANOV, V.F., Standard modes of thorium fission, Phys. At. Nucl. 60 (1997) 1787–1793. [4.5.25] POKROVSKY, I.V., et al., Fission modes in the reaction 208 Pb( 18 O,f), Phys. Rev. C 62 (2000) 014615–014625. [4.5.26] ZHDANOV, S.V., et al., Higher moments of energy distributions of fragments of symmetric fission, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 55 (1992) 1766–1771. [4.5.27] ZHDANOV, S.V., et al., Fragment energy distributions and fission dynamics of heated nuclei, Phys. At. Nucl. 56 (1993) 175–181. [4.5.28] NIX, J.R., SWIATECKI, W.J., Studies in the liquid-drop theory of nuclear fission, Nucl. Phys. 71 (1965) 1–94. [4.5.29] CERN Computer 6600 Series Program Library Long-Write-Up MINUIT. [4.5.30] SCHMIDT, K.-H., et al., Relativistic radioactive beams: A new access to nuclear-fission studies, Nucl. Phys. A 665 (2000) 221–267. [4.5.31] BÖCKSTIEGEL, C., Bestimmung der totalen kinetischen Energien in der Niederenergiespaltung neutronenarmer radioaktiver Isotope, PhD Thesis 98-05, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany (1998). [4.5.32] GÖNNENWEIN, F., “Nuclear shells in low energy fission”, Nuclear Physics Nuclear Shells — 50 Years (Proc. Int. Conf. Dubna, Russian Federation, 1999), World Scientific, Singapore (1999) 64. [4.5.33] TSEKHANOVICH, I., et al., Mass and charge distributions in the very asymmetric mass region of the neutron induced fission of 238 Np, Nucl. Phys. A 688 (2001) 633–658. [4.5.34] MULGIN, S.I., et al., Shell effects in the symmetric-modal fission of pre-actinide nuclei, Nucl Phys. A 640 (1998) 375–388. [4.5.35] RUSANOV, A.Ya., et al., Features of mass distributions of hot rotating nuclei, Phys. At. Nucl. 60 (1997) 683–712. [4.5.36] HAMBSCH, F.-J., et al., Study of the 237 Np(n,f)reaction at MeV neutron energies, Nucl. Phys. A 679 (2000) 3–24. [4.5.37] GORODISSKIY, D.M., et al., Isotopic and isotonic effects in fission-fragment mass yields of actinide nuclei, Phys. Lett. 548B (2002) 45–51. [4.5.38] SERGACHEV, A.I., et al., Influence of intermediate states of fissioning Th 233 nucleus on the mass and kinetic energy distributins of the fragments, Yad. Fiz. 7 (1968) 778–784. [4.5.39] VOROBIEVA, V.G., et al., Influence of uranium-232 fission nucleus excitation energy on the yields and kinetic energy distribution of fission fragments, Preprint IPPE-108, Obninsk (1967) 3–16. [4.5.40] KUZMINOV, B.D., et al., Mass and energy distribution of fragments at the fission of Np-237 by neutrons, Yad. Fiz. 11 (1970) 297–303. [4.5.41] SERGACHEV, A.I., Influence of the Fission Nuclei Excitation Energy on the Mass and Kinetic Energy Distributions of the Fragments, PhD Thesis, IPPE, Obninsk (1974). [4.5.42] VIVÈS, F., et al., Investigation of the fission fragment properties of the reaction 238 U(n,f) at incident neutron energies up to 5.8 MeV, Nucl. Phys. A 662 (2000) 63–92. [4.5.43] GOVERDOVSKII, A.A., MITROFANOV, V.F., Shaping of the mass-energy spectra of 238 Np fission fragments near the barrier, Yad. Fiz. 56 (1992) 43. [4.5.44] ZÖLLER, C.M., Untersuchung der neutroneninduzierten Spaltung von 238 U im Energiebereich von 1 MeV bis 500 MeV, PhD Thesis, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany (1995). [4.5.45] http://www.inp.kz/laboratoryrus/lpdpyf.php [4.5.46] WAHL, A.C., Systematics of Fission-Product Yields, Rep. LA-13928, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM (2002). 209
210 4.6. FISSION YIELDS IN NUCLEON INDUCED REACTIONS AT INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES Results are presented of an activation experiment on proton induced fission of nat W, 197 Au, nat Pb, 208 Pb and 232 Th at 190 MeV. Fission product yields have been measured and an attempt has been made to reconstruct the charge and mass yield curves. This is followed by the description of a new theoretical approach to predict fission fragment mass yields for both actinides and sub-actinides in the incident energy range between 10 and 200 MeV. Temperature dependent fission barriers and prescission shapes are determined within a temperature dependent version of the Brosa model. These quantities combined with the original random neck rupture model and the existing nuclear reaction code ALICE-91 provide a new way of calculating fission fragment and product yields. The predictive power of this method is tested against a set of experimental data. 4.6.1. Introduction The absence of a satisfactory theoretical description to predict isotope yields as well as the need for experimental fragment mass and charge distributions at intermediate energies form the motivation of this contribution. The work performed in the framework of the CRP consists of four separate topics: (1) Compilation of proton induced fission product and fission fragment mass distributions from literature; (2) Experimental efforts aimed at measuring proton induced fission product yields at 190 MeV of 232 Th and several sub-actinide targets; (3) Development of a new computational method to predict intermediate energy nucleon induced fission product mass yields using a combination of the existing nuclear reaction code ALICE-91 and the Brosa model extended with a temperature dependence; (4) Theoretical predictions of fission fragment and fission product mass yield curves for all reactions specified by the CRP benchmark. M.C. Duijvestijn, A.J. Koning Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group, Netherlands Several parts of this research have already been published in journals and conference proceedings [4.6.1–4.6.8]. A more detailed description of the experimental as well as the theoretical work can be found in Ref. [4.6.9]. 4.6.2. Compilation of proton induced fission product isotope yields Fission product isotope yield and mass yield data have been gathered for proton induced reactions on actinide targets. The search has been limited to the intermediate energy region (i.e. proton energies ranging from 15 to 200 MeV). The data are taken from 14 references. The reaction specification is found in Table 4.6.1, as are the incident proton energies, the type of compiled data (mass yields/isotope yields), the compilation form (read from figures or tables) and the reference. In the case of data read from figures, an extra uncertainty has been added to the published one because of the inevitable amount of arbitrariness linked to estimating data from figures. The files containing the compiled experimental data can be downloaded from web site: http://ndsalpha.iaea.org/ fycrp/ All data taken from a single reference are collected in one file. Each entry starts with a title revealing the necessary information regarding the target and the incident proton energy, which is followed by the reference, comments and the data points. The comments concern the given uncertainties, whether data are taken from tables or figures, and a description of the contents of the columns containing the data points. In case of more incoming proton energies or target nuclides, entries are concatenated. 4.6.3. Activation experiment on proton induced fission of nat W, 197 Au, nat Pb, 208 Pb and 232 Th at 190 MeV Several sub-actinide targets and a 232 Th target have been irradiated with a 190 MeV proton beam from the AGOR cyclotron at the KVI, Groningen.
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Fission Product Yield Data for the
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AFGHANISTAN ALBANIA ALGERIA ANGOLA
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COPYRIGHT NOTICE All IAEA scientifi
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CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS Denschlag, J.-
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3.2.1. Introduction . . . . . . . .
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6. BENCHMARK EXERCISE . . . . . . .
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However, this CRP entered an entire
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‘Provisional masses’ are determ
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Three scientists were invited to pa
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8 (d) Prompt or delayed neutron emi
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[2.1.40] ITKIS, M.G., OGANESSIAN, Y
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[2.1.96] PATE, B.D., et al., Distri
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[2.1.152] JACOBS, E., et al., Produ
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16 2.2. MEASUREMENTS OF THE ENERGY
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FIG. 2.2.3. 94 Sr: best experimenta
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FIG. 2.2.15. 132 Te: best experimen
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FIG. 2.2.27. 146 Ba: best experimen
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3. EVALUATIONS 3.1. ACTINIDE NUCLEO
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3.1.2. Statistical model At least t
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J Â K=-J 2 2 2 ^ sym Krot ( U, J)
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nuclei with N > 144. However, for h
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neutron number. The observed fissio
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FIG. 3.1.6. 235 U(n,f) fission cros
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FIG. 3.1.10. 237 Np(n,f) fission cr
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from higher fission chances [3.1.43
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[3.1.48] DUSHIN, V.N., et al., Stat
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where Y S is our new standard, and
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TABLE 3.2.2. EVALUATED REFERENCE FI
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TABLE 3.2.2. EVALUATED REFERENCE FI
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TABLE 3.2.3. EVALUATED REFERENCE YI
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TABLE 3.2.3. EVALUATED REFERENCE YI
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The comparisons of our evaluated da
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TABLE 3.2.4. COMPARISON OF RECOMMEN
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TABLE 3.2.8. COMPARISON OF THE UNCE
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REFERENCES TO SECTION 3.2 [3.2.1] I
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where N C , N U are the modified an
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activities were recorded with a pro
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3.3.4. Results and discussion The r
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FIG. 3.3.10. Li Ze et al. data: com
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96 Annex 3.3.1 EVALUATED EXPERIMENT
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Li Ze et al. [3.3.8] Thierens et al
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100 Annex 3.3.3 EVALUATED DATA SET
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The range of target nuclides availa
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condensation of cross-sections by t
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(h) REFERENCE (C,80KIEV,171,1980) i
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uncertainties of the calculation. T
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4. SYSTEMATICS AND MODELS FOR THE P
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FIG. 4.1.2. 235 U total cross-secti
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FIG. 4.1.9. Total and mode separate
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4.2. SYSTEMATICS OF FISSION PRODUCT
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A - = (PA - NT)/2 (4.2.1b) 4.2.2.3.
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FIG. 4.2.4(a). 238 U + 5.5 MeV n, L
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FIG. 4.2.8(a). U238 + 300 MeV p, LS
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TABLE 4.2.1. EQUATIONS FOR SYSTEMAT
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values (points) and the derived fun
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distributions. Values of N(A) seldo
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FIG. 4.2.19. Systematic Z P paramet
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FIG. 4.2.21. Systematic Z P paramet
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FIG. 4.2.23. Nuclear charge displac
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FIG. 4.2.24. Number of protons emit
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epresenting model values and thus s
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FIG. 4.2.36. n T(A) for CF249T. FIG
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FIG. 4.2.41. U235T, line: model; po
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The FAST subroutine in the CYFP pro
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[4.2.28] BELHAFAF, D., et al., Kine
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4.3. FIVE GAUSSIAN SYSTEMATICS FOR
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Derived from measured data Fitted r
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FIG. 4.3.7. Mass distribution of 23
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FFIG. 4.3.12. Mass distribution of
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4.4. PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODEL FOR FRA
Page 170 and 171: where = 2mE is the wavelength, E
Page 172 and 173: FIG. 4.4.4. Fragment mass distribut
Page 176 and 177: fragment mass distributions are des
Page 180 and 181: FIG. 4.4.10. Fragment mass distribu
Page 182 and 183: P LD È Ê * E - 44. 7ˆ ˘ = Í1 +
Page 184 and 185: FIG. 4.4.13. Pre-neutron emission m
Page 186 and 187: FIG. 4.4.15. Post-neutron emission
Page 188 and 189: FIG. 4.4.17. Post-neutron emission
Page 190 and 191: fragment mass and charge distributi
Page 192 and 193: of the energy dependence of the fus
Page 194 and 195: 4.5. MODAL APPROACH TO THE DESCRIPT
Page 196 and 197: This information was used for the p
Page 198 and 199: two neighbouring isotopes at differ
Page 200 and 201: FIG.4.5.2. Experimental relative ma
Page 202 and 203: Frequently, the yields Y i (M) are
Page 204 and 205: the nine optimum description parame
Page 206 and 207: TABLE 4.5.6. RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS
Page 208 and 209: TABLE 4.5.8. RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS
Page 210 and 211: Extracted values of s 2 M,S demonst
Page 212 and 213: FIG. 4.5.10. Fission fragment charg
Page 214 and 215: FIG. 4.5.12. Unchanged charge densi
Page 216 and 217: FIG. 4.5.16. Mass yield variance fo
Page 218 and 219: FIG. 4.5.20. Experimental mass yiel
Page 222 and 223: TABLE 4.6.1. FISSION PRODUCT YIELD
Page 224 and 225: TABLE 4.6.2. FIT PARAMETER VALUES O
Page 226 and 227: FIG. 4.6.2. Charge distributions fo
Page 228 and 229: model which is elucidated elsewhere
Page 230 and 231: the agreement is better. The observ
Page 232 and 233: inner barrier is much lower than th
Page 234 and 235: e determined in a self-consistent m
Page 236 and 237: FIG. 4.6.11. Overview of the coupli
Page 238 and 239: cross-section also has to be incorp
Page 240 and 241: FIG. 4.6.16. Same as Fig. 4.6.15, b
Page 242 and 243: FIG. 4.6.20. Pre-neutron emission m
Page 244 and 245: present have a reasonable contribut
Page 246 and 247: TABLE 4.6.5. ACCURACIES OBTAINED FR
Page 248 and 249: [4.6.7] BEIJERS, J.P.M., et al., Se
Page 250 and 251: 5. NEW MODELS AND SYSTEMATICS: DEFI
Page 252 and 253: therefore his benchmark calculation
Page 254 and 255: mass distributions and practically
Page 256 and 257: 5.2. BENCHMARK EXERCISE 5.2.1. Benc
Page 258 and 259: thorough and detailed analysis of t
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Page 262: should be undertaken — such a stu
Page 265 and 266: experimental method in order to der
Page 267 and 268: 256 Valley heights and peak-to-vall
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260 Wahl uncert. margins Wahl uncer
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264 Wahl uncert. margins (adj. Wahl
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Wahl (1.6-160 MeV): Distributions a
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TABLE 6.2.2. 238 U PRE-NEUTRON EMIS
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as most features are very similar t
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FIG. 6.2.14. Benchmark exercise, pa
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278 REFERENCES TO SECTION 6 [6.1] B
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As mentioned above, the mass distri
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I.3.2.6. Liu Conggui et al. [I.8] M
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after prompt-neutron emission, and
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286 Zöller (1995) 89-110 MeV, post
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(1) Data were linearly interpolated
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1. 290 Annex to Appendix I RECOMMEN
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1.2. E n = 5.5 MeV 292 Nagy et al.
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1.3. E n ª 8 MeV 294 Chapman (1978
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1.5. E n = 14-15 MeV 296 Daroczy et
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1.7. E n = 27.5 (22-33) MeV, Zölle
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1.9. E n = 99.5 (89-110) MeV, Zöll
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3. 302 239 Pu NEUTRON INDUCED FISSI
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Appendix II DATA ADJUSTMENT FOR MAS
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Vivès [II.8], Zöller [II.7] and
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Annex 1 to Appendix II ADJUSTED DAT
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Zöller (1995) [II.7] E n = 13 (11.
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E n = 50 (45-55) MeV Post-neutron e
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Äystö et al. (1998) [II.9] E p =
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E n = 1.60 MeV Pre-neutron emission
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E n = 27.5 (22-33) MeV Post-neutron
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E n = 99.5 (89-110) MeV Post-neutro
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Appendix III FISSION YIELD SYSTEMAT
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FIG. III.6. Dependence of chain yie
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TABLE III.2. Ln(y)-LINEAR(E) FIT CO
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FIG. III.14. Dependence of paramete
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FIG. III.26. Comparison of the mass
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FIG. III.38. Comparison of the mass
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TABLE III.3. QUADRATIC FUNCTION FIT
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Uncertainty ratio or uncertainty Ad
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CONTENTS OF THE CD-ROM The attached
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