ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2012

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Europe Greece (only in seduction cases), 47 as well as some United Kingdom associates 48 Latin America & Caribbean North America: Bahamas, Chile, Paraguay, Suriname as well as some United Kingdom associates, 49 Canada, two states of the United States 50 Oceania State of Queensland in Australia Prohibition of discrimination in employment based on sexual orientation (52 countries) Africa Botswana (2010), 51 Cape Verde (2008), 52 Mauritius (2008), 53 Mozambique (2007), 54 Seychelles (2006), 55 South Africa (1996) 56 (Namibia repealed such a law in 2004) 57 Asia Israel (1992), Taiwan (2007) Europe Albania (2010), Andorra (2005), Austria (2004), Belgium (2003), Bosnia and Herzegovina (2003), 58 Bulgaria (2004), Croatia (2003), Cyprus (2004), Czech Republic (1999), Denmark (1996), 59 Estonia (2004), Finland (1995), France (2001), Georgia (2006), Germany (2006), Greece (2005), 60 Hungary (2004), Ireland (1999), Italy (2003), Kosovo (2004), Latvia (2006), Lithuania (2003), Luxembourg (1997), Macedonia (2005) 61 , Malta (2004), Montenegro (2010), 62 Netherlands (1992), Norway (1998), Poland (2004), Portugal (2003), Romania (2000), Serbia (2005), Slovakia (2004), Slovenia (1995) 63 , Spain (1996), Sweden (1999), United Kingdom (2003, for associates see foot note) 64 47 See Article 347 of the Greek Penal Code. 48 Bailiwick of Guernsey 49 Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, Turks & Caicos Islands. 50 Nevada (only in seduction cases) and Virginia. 51 See Bonela Applauds New Employment Act – Government Scraps Sexual Orientation and Health as Basis for Dismissal, 30 August 2010, available at: http://www.bonela.org/press/30_august_2010.html 52 See article 45(2) and article 406 (3) of the Novo Código Laboral Cabo-Verdiano available at: http://www.ine.cv/Legisla%C3%A7ao/Outras/C%C3%B3digo%20laboral%20cabo-verdiano.pdf. 53 See page 8 of the Equal Opportunities Act 2008, which prohibits discrimination in employment and other activities on many grounds, including ‘sexual orientation’. Text of the law is available at: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/-ilo_aids/documents/legaldocument/wcms_126781.pdf. 54 See articles 4, 5 and 108 of the Labour Law 23/2007, available at: http://www.tipmoz.com/library/resources/tipmoz_media/labour_law_23-2007_1533E71.pdf. 55 See articles 2, 46A (1) and 46B of the Employment Act 1995, amended by Act 4 of 2006, available at: https://staging.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/40108/90799/F1128259675/SYC40108.pdf. 56 According to Waaldijk (2011), such a prohibition can be found in the Constitution (since 1994) and also in the Labour Relations Act of 1995, in force 11 November 1996 (http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=70985); in the Employment Equity Act of 1998 (www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=70714; and in the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act of 2000 (www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=68207). 57 Section 139 of the Labour Act of 2004 repealed the Labour Act of 1992 which in Section 107 prohibited sexual orientation discrimination. Text of the 2004 law is available at: http://www.commonlii.org/na/legis/num_act/la200484.pdf; see Waaldijk (2011). 58 Such laws are available also in Republika Srpska (2000, 2003). 59 The law is not applicable to the Faeroe Islands or Greenland. However, incitement to hatred based on sexual orientation is prohibited in the Faeroe Islands since 2007, and in Greenland from 1 January 2010. 60 See Law no. 3304/2005 (Act Against Discrimination), available at: http://www.non-discrimination.net/content/mainprinciples-and-definitions-6 61 Law on Labour Relations, article 6. See Legal Report: “The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia”. Available at: http://www.coe.int/t/Commissioner/Source/LGBT/FYROMLegal_E.pdf 62 See ”Montenegro adopts an anti-discrimination law”, available at: http://www.equal-jus.eu/node/38. The text of the draft law can be found here: http://www.venice.coe.int/docs/2010/CDL(2010)024-e.pdf , see article 19. 63 See Art. 141 of the Penal Code. State-Sponsored Homophobia – May 2012 ILGA – The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association - www.ilga.org 15
Latin America & Caribbean North America: The city of Rosario (1996) in Argentina, some parts of Brazil, 65 Colombia (2007), Costa Rica (1998), Ecuador (2005), 66 ten states of Mexico (2001-2009), 67 Nicaragua (2008), Venezuela (1999), Canada (1996), some parts of the United States 68 Oceania Australia, 69 Fiji (2007), New Zealand (1994) Prohibition of discrimination in employment based on gender identity (19 countries) Europe Croatia (2009), Hungary (2004), Montenegro (2010), Serbia (2009), Sweden (2009). Moreover discrimination of transgender people is covered by the gender discrimination prohibitions in among others Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia and United Kingdom. Latin America & Caribbean North America Oceania Australia (1996) 71 The city of Rosario (2006) in Argentina Northwest Territories (2004) in Canada, as well as some parts of the United States 70 Constitutional prohibition of discrimination based on sexual orientation (6 countries) Africa South Africa (1994 and 1997) 72 Europe Kosovo (2008), Portugal (2004), Sweden (2003), Switzerland (2000), as well as some parts of Germany 73 64 Bailiwick of Guernsey (2005), Gibraltar (2006), Isle of Man (2007). For Gibraltar, see www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/articles/2006-37o.pdf 65 Bahia (1997), Federal District (2000), Minas Gerais (2001), Paraíba (2003), Piauí (2004), Rio de Janeiro (2000), Rio Grande do Sul (2002), Santa Catarina (2003), São Paulo (2001) as well as a number of cities. 66 See Article 79 of the Código del Trabajo , Codificación 2005-17, available at: http://www.unemi.edu.ec/rrhh/images/archivos/codtrab.pdf. 67 Between 2001 y 2009, ten Mexican states included in their Penal Code provisions prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation: Aguascalientes (Article 205 bis), Chiapas (Article 324), Distrito Federal (Article 206), Durango (Article 324), Veracruz (Article 196), Colima (Article 225 bis), Coahuila (Article 383 bis), Tlaxcala (Article 255 bis), Chihuahua (Article 197) y Quintana Roo (Article 132). The texts of the laws are available at: http://www2.scjn.gob.mx/LegislacionEstatal/. 68 United States: California (1993), Colorado (2007), Connecticut (1991), Delaware (2009), Hawaii (1992), Illinois (2006), Iowa (2007), Maine (2005), Maryland (2001), Massachusetts (1990), Minnesota (1993), Nevada (1999), New Hampshire (1998), New Jersey (1992), New Mexico (2003), New York (2003), Oregon (2008), Rhode Island (1995), Vermont (1992), Washington (2006), Wisconsin (1982) and D.C. (1973) as well as a number of cities and towns. 69 Capital Territory (1992), New South Wales (1983), Northern Territory (1993), Queensland (1992), South Australia (1986), Tasmania (1999), Victoria (1996), Western Australia (2002). 70 United States: California (2004), Colorado (2007), Illinois (2006), Iowa (2007), Maine (2005), Minnesota (1993), New Jersey (2007), New Mexico (2003), Oregon (2008), Rhode Island (2001), Vermont (2007), Washington (2006) and District of Columbia (2006), as well as a number of cities and towns. 71 See Waaldijk (2009), footnote 557, for a discussion of 1996 national legislation. Capital Territory (1992), New South Wales (1996), Northern Territory (1993), Queensland (2003), South Australia (1986), Tasmania (1999), Victoria (2000), Western Australia (2001). The only states using the term “Gender identity” are Queensland and Victoria, whereas Capital Territory uses the terms “Transgender” and “Intersex”, New South Wales the term “Transgender” and Western Australia the term “Gender history”. The rest of the states use the term “Transsexuality”. 72 According to Waaldijk (2011), prohibition of sexual orientation discrimination was included on the interim Constitution that came into force on 27 April 1994 (article 8), and later added to article 9 of the 1997 Constitution (both texts are available at: www.info.gov.za/documents/constitution/index.htm). State-Sponsored Homophobia – May 2012 ILGA – The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association - www.ilga.org 16
Page 1 and 2: State-sponsored Homophobia May 2012
Page 3 and 4: Zambia ............................
Page 5 and 6: From the Co-Secretaries General Thi
Page 7 and 8: From the Author Knowing the law is
Page 9 and 10: Violence and safety beyond the law
Page 11 and 12: Likewise, an HIV/AIDS prevention vi
Page 13 and 14: Latin America and Caribbean (1977),
Page 15: Latin America and the Caribbean (19
Page 19 and 20: Latin America & Caribbean North Ame
Page 21 and 22: Oceania Some states in Australia 11
Page 23 and 24: AFRICA Political and State-Sponsore
Page 25 and 26: • Address underlying prejudices a
Page 27 and 28: Botswana Male/Male Illegal Female/F
Page 29 and 30: Ethiopia Male/Male Illegal Female/F
Page 31 and 32: “Section 165. Any male person who
Page 33 and 34: Mauritania Male/Male Illegal Female
Page 35 and 36: The states which have adopted such
Page 37 and 38: Sudan Male/Male Illegal Female/Fema
Page 39 and 40: Uganda Male/Male Illegal Female/Fem
Page 41 and 42: ASIA Half of Asian countries still
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 2: Classes of crime Section
Page 45 and 46: testimony by the witnesses, his pun
Page 47 and 48: Maldives Male/Male Illegal Female/F
Page 49 and 50: Singapore Male/Male Illegal Female/
Page 51 and 52: Uzbekistan Male/Male Illegal Female
Page 53 and 54: Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Page 55 and 56: In the scenario described, oppressi
Page 57 and 58: concept to destabilize universalist
Page 59 and 60: Belize Male/Male Illegal Female/Fem
Page 61 and 62: knowledge, it shall not be necessar
Page 63 and 64: OCEANIA Different stages in the ref
Page 65 and 66: Indecent practices between males Se
Page 67 and 68:
Solomon Islands Male/Male Illegal F
Page 69:
This report compiled by Lucas Paoli
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ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2012

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