Study Sheet: Italian Mannerism

Study Sheet: Italian Mannerism http://acecontent.apexlearning.com/Live/online/art_2010/Unit_... 

Study Sheet: Italian Mannerism 

4.1.2 Study: Italian Mannerism 

Study Sheet 

Art Appreciation (S1685685) Name: ____________________ 

Date: ____________ 

1 of 4 10/15/12 2:20 PM


Use the space below to make any sketches, drawings, or additional notes to help you remember what you 

have learned. 

2 of 4 10/15/12 2:20 PM


Print as many of these key term note cards out as you need for the study. Leave them whole on the sheet or 

cut them out to make flash cards. Take extra notes and draw pictures to help you remember each term. 

You will be tested on key terms in quizzes and tests. 

Mannerism An art movement characterized by distortion, daring color, unbalanced compositions, 

and emotional expression. It was developed between 1520 and 1600 in reaction to 

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Jacopo da 

Pontormo 

the serenity of the Renaissance. 

(1494 - 1557) An Italian painter and a leader of the Mannerist movement who painted 

portraits and religious subject matter. 

Major work: The Descent from the Cross, ca. 1525. 

Parmigianino (1503 - 1540) An Italian Mannerist painter. 

Major works: Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror, ca. 1523; Madonna with the Long 

Neck, ca. 1535. 

distortion An artistic technique used to create exaggerated or unrealistic perspectives or 

positions. 

Jacopo 

Tintoretto 

(1519 - 1594) A Mannerist painter from Venice particularly influenced by Venetian 

color and drama. 

Major work: Last Supper, 1594. 

El Greco (1541 - 1614) A Greek painter known for his dramatic paintings and elongated figures; 

he spent most of his active career in Renaissance Spain. 

The Vision of 

Saint John 

Major works: The View of Toledo, ca. 1604; The Vision of Saint John, 1608 - 1614. 

A painting by the Mannerist El Greco completed between 1608 and 1614 that tells a 

story from the New Testament book of Revelation. The distorted and abstract nature 

of both the figures and the background is characteristic of the artist's innovative and 

unique style. 

Copyright © 2012 Apex Learning Inc. (See Terms of Use at www.apexvs.com/TermsOfUse) 

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Study Sheet: Baroque in the 17th Century http://acecontent.apexlearning.com/Live/online/art_2010/Unit_... 

Study Sheet: Baroque in the 17th Century 

4.1.3 Study: Baroque in the 17th Century 



Date: ____________ 

1 of 5 10/15/12 2:22 PM



have learned. 

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Baroque A period lasting from roughly 1550 to 1750 in which rich artwork was produced for 

both Catholics and Protestants. The Catholic Baroque is characterized by drama 

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Bolognese art 

academy 

and dynamic compositions, while the Protestant Baroque is known for lush everyday 

scenes, portraits, and still lifes. 

A school for artists founded in 1582 by painter Annibale Carracci and members of 

his family. It was the first institution geared to educate artists about Classical 

principles, styles, and philosophies. 

Annibale Carracci (1560 - 1609) An Italian painter who pioneered the Baroque concept of the heroic 

landscape. He and other members of the Carracci family started the Bolognese art 

academy. 

Major work: The Flight into Egypt, 1603 - 1604. 

heroic landscape A Baroque style of ideal landscape painting that reflected the universal truths of 

balance and harmony of nature by creating vast and beautiful scenes, usually taken 

from biblical or mythological stories. This style is exemplified by the works of 

Poussin and Lorrain. 

The Flight into 

Egypt 

Michelangelo 

Merisi da 

Caravaggio 

A circa 1603 painting by Annibale Carracci that depicts Joseph and Mary's journey 

from Jerusalem into Egypt. It is an early example of the heroic Baroque landscape. 

Instead of a desert, it places the figures in a serene and lush setting typical of Greek 

and Roman art. 

(1573 - 1610) An Italian painter best known for his use of light to create realistic 

paintings, mostly of religious subjects. He is credited with inventing the tenebroso or 

"dark manner" technique. 

Major work: The Calling of Saint Matthew, ca. 1599. 

tenebroso From the Italian for "dark and gloomy," the term describes paintings created with 

intense chiaroscuro to highlight extremes of light and dark within a single area; 

Caravaggio is generally credited with its invention. Also called dark manner. 

The Calling of 

Saint Matthew 

Artemisia 

Gentileschi 

A circa 1599 painting by Caravaggio that exemplifies the artist's use of tenebroso, in 

this case to add drama to the biblical scene. It depicts Saint Matthew learning of his 

destiny from Jesus Christ. 

(1593 - ca. 1651) An Italian painter considered to be a "Caravaggista" (a close 

follower of Caravaggio). The first woman admitted to the Academy of the Arts of 

Drawing, she was respected and protected by the Medici family. 

Major works: Judith Beheading Holofernes, first version, 1612; second and larger 

version, 1614. 

Diego Velázquez (1599 - 1660) A Spanish Baroque painter who spent most of his career as King 

Phillip IV's official royal court painter. He is best known for painting portraits and 

scenes from history and mythology. 

Major work: Las Meninas, 1656. 

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Las Meninas Spanish for "The Maids of Honor," this Diego Velázquez masterpiece (1656 ) depicts 

Velázquez himself painting the king and queen of Spain as their daughter, 

Margarita, bursts in with her attendants. All the figures interact with one another and 

with the viewer in such interesting ways that this piece is still discussed and debated 

today. 

Peter Paul 

Rubens 

(1577 - 1640) A Flemish painter and accomplished businessman, linguist, and 

diplomat. Known for landscapes and portraits, Rubens displayed a knowledge of 

Classical form and technique in his paintings. He often painted scenes that reflected 

his distaste for war and his desire for peace. 

Major works: The Fall of Phaeton,, ca. 1605; Marie de' Medici cycle, 1621 - 1625; 

Allegory on the Blessings of Peace, 1629 - 1630. 

Rubenesque A term named after the style of Peter Paul Rubens to describe a voluptuous or 

curvy female figure. 

Allegory on the 

Blessings of 

Peace 

A circa 1629 painting by Peter Paul Rubens that displays a stark contrast between a 

foreground depicting peace, prosperity, and happiness and a background showing 

war and suffering. 


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Study Sheet: Poussin and the Return to the Renaissance http://acecontent.apexlearning.com/Live/online/art_2010/Unit_... 

Study Sheet: Poussin and the Return to the Renaissance 

4.2.1 Study: Poussin and the Return to the 

Renaissance 



Date: ____________ 

1 of 5 10/15/12 2:23 PM



have learned. 

2 of 5 10/15/12 2:23 PM


3 of 5 10/15/12 2:23 PM





Nicolas 

Poussin 

(1594 - 1665) A French Classical painter, active in Italy, who believed that heroic 

narratives were worth painting; he created the Grand Manner style. 

Major works: The Rape of the Sabine Women, 1633; Et in Arcadia Ego, ca. 1655. 

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Grand 

Manner 

The Rape of 

the Sabine 

Women 

Claude 

Lorrain 

A 17th- and 18th-century style, championed by Nicolas Poussin and based on Classical 

art, that incorporated the science and naturalism of the Renaissance with metaphorical 

subject matter. Also called great style. 

A circa 1633 painting by Nicolas Poussin that depicts a scene in which the Romans 

capture Sabine women to take them as their wives. This classical story is both 

physically and emotionally dramatic, and the painting is a good example of Poussin's 

use of heroic subject matter and the Grand Manner of painting. 

(1604 - 1682) A French Baroque painter who lived and worked in Italy. He is famous for 

painting heroic landscapes and seascapes and for experimenting with light. 

Major works: Embarkation of St. Paula Romana at Ostia, ca. 1639; Aeneas at Delos, 

1672; The Book of Truth, collected sketches of each of his works considered a work of 

art unto itself. 


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Study Sheet: Holland Turns to Art http://acecontent.apexlearning.com/Live/online/art_2010/Unit_... 

Study Sheet: Holland Turns to Art 

4.2.2 Study: Holland Turns to Art 



Date: ____________ 

1 of 4 10/15/12 3:20 PM



have learned. 

2 of 4 10/15/12 3:20 PM





Rembrandt van Rijn (1606 - 1669) An artist considered to be the best Dutch painter of his time. He 

is known for dark, emotionally charged paintings and subtle, detailed portraits. 

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The Sampling Officials 

of the Drapers' Guild 

Major works: Anatomy Lesson of Dr Tulp, 1632; The Blinding of Samson, ca. 

1636; The Sampling Officials of the Draper's Guild, 1662. 

A circa 1662 group portrait by Rembrandt that is a prime example of his use of 

delicate light and subtle details. Rembrandt's portrayal of the individual traits of 

each person heightens the relationships among the figures. 

genre art A style of artwork in which everyday scenes are depicted, often with great 

detail and subtle symbolism. It was first popular in 17th-century Holland. 

Johannes Vermeer (1632 - 1675) A Dutch painter best known for his ability to create genre scenes 

with realistic light and detail through his use of underpainting and glazing. Also 

known as Jan Vermeer. 

Major works: The Girl with the Pearl Earring, 1655; The Milkmaid, ca. 1657. 

The Milkmaid A circa 1657 genre painting by Jan Vermeer that depicts a housemaid pouring 

milk. The activity represents a model of domestic virtue, painted here using 

realistic human form and idealized light. 

glazing A technique in which paints are thinned and applied in many layers to a 

previously painted surface, resulting in the appearance of reflected light. 

underpainting A painting used as a base for glazing or further painting. 


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Study Sheet: Academia and the Birth of Rococo http://acecontent.apexlearning.com/Live/online/art_2010/Unit_... 

Study Sheet: Academia and the Birth of Rococo 

4.3.1 Study: Academia and the Birth of Rococo 



Date: ____________ 


1 of 4 10/15/12 2:23 PM


have learned. 

2 of 4 10/15/12 2:23 PM





French Royal 

Academy 

An art school founded in 1648. Its views were based on the theory and work of Nicolas 

Poussin, with a focus on Classical art and philosophy. It developed a ranking system 

for artists past and present. 

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Rococo An art movement of the 18th century characterized by delicate colors, curved 

asymmetrical lines, and carefree content. 

Jean-Antoine 

Watteau 

The Embarkation 

for Cythera 

Élisabeth-Louise 

Vigée-Le Brun 

(1684 - 1721) A French painter and draftsman who pioneered the Rococo style. He is 

best known for painting charming theatrical scenes. 

Major work: The Embarkation for Cythera, 1717. 

A 1717 masterpiece by Watteau. It is a theatrical and frivolous portrayal of the 

paradise of Venus, the Roman goddess of love. Typical of the Rococo style, it is 

considered to mark the beginning of the Rococo period. 

(1755 - 1842) A French Rococo artist who became popular by painting portraits of 

royalty and aristocrats; especially known for her many portraits of French queen Marie 

Antoinette. 

Major works: Peace Bringing Back Prosperity, 1780; Marie Antoinette in Muslin, 

1786; Lady Hamilton as the Persian Sybil, ca. 1792. 

French Revolution A period of political change and revolution in France (1789 - 1799) when the common 

man rose up against the aristocracy. It ended in the Reign of Terror, during which close 

to 40,000 people were killed. 


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Study Sheet: Morality and the Great Style of England http://acecontent.apexlearning.com/Live/online/art_2010/Unit_... 

Study Sheet: Morality and the Great Style of England 

4.3.2 Study: Morality and the Great Style of England 



Date: ____________ 


1 of 4 10/15/12 2:24 PM


have learned. 

2 of 4 10/15/12 2:24 PM





Jean-Baptiste- 

Siméon Chardin 

(1699 - 1779) A French painter and draftsman who rejected the fantastical and 

whimsical tendencies of his Rococo contemporaries. Praised by Denis Diderot, the first 

modern art critic, he is best known for his still lifes and for painting in pastels. He was 

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an extremely active member of the French Royal Academy. 

Major works: The Ray, 1728; The Return from Market, 1738; Girl with Racket and 

Shuttlecock, ca. 1740. 

The Ray A 1728 kitchen scene painted by Chardin that earned him entrance to the French Royal 

Academy. Meant to portray the simplicity of everyday life, it is grounded and modest in 

contrast to the fantastical and lavish Rococo paintings common at the time. 

England's Royal 

Academy of Art 

Sir Joshua 

Reynolds 

Sir Thomas 

Gainsborough 

England's first official school of art since the Middle Ages, founded in 1768. It focused 

on history painting and was based on Classical and Renaissance values. 

(1723 - 1792) An English painter and writer who worked in the Grand Manner, painting 

noble, heroic subjects in perfect proportion. It is estimated that he created 3,000 

paintings, mostly portraits. He was a founding member and president of the Royal 

Academy of Arts. 

Major works: Lord Burghersh, 1764; Colonel Acland and Lord Sydney: The Archers, 

1769. 

(1727 - 1788) An English landscape and portrait painter who relied on his observation 

of nature rather than formal techniques. He was a founding member of the Royal 

Academy of Arts. 

Major works: Mr. and Mrs. Andrews, ca. 1750; Mrs. Sarah Siddons, ca. 1784. 

William Hogarth (1697 - 1764) English painter, illustrator, and satirist famous for his many print series 

and for creating the morality play genre. 

Major works: A Rake's Progress, 1732 - 1734; Marriage à la Mode, ca. 1743. 

morality play A genre created in the 1730s by William Hogarth, in which a series of prints depicts 

subjects such as a cast of actors in a play. Each series contains repeated symbols or 

images that unify the story and send a moral message to viewers. 


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Review: Baroque and Rococo http://acecontent.apexlearning.com/Live/online/art_2010/Unit_... 

Review: Baroque and Rococo 

4.4.1 Review: Baroque and Rococo Review 

Review 


Date: ____________ 

Use your notes from the studies to begin your review. Check the questions and answers from the study sheets 

you got on the first page of each study. 

Also, review the key terms for each lesson. They're found on each lesson overview page. Make sure you know 

what each key term means before you take the test. 

The following checklist will help you figure out if you're ready to take the test. If you check "No" for any 

question, go back to the lesson and activity where the information appears and review that information. 

Question Yes No Location 

The Early Baroque 

Period 

Can you define Mannerism and list its defining features? Italian Mannerism 

Do you know who Jacopo da Pontormo and Jacopo Tintoretto are 

and what contributions each made to Italian Mannerism? 

Can you explain what distortion is and how it was used by 

Parmigianino? 

Do you know what made El Greco's works such as The Vision of 

Saint John examples of Mannerism taken to extreme levels? 

Italian Mannerism 



Can you list and explain the main characteristics of the Baroque? Baroque in the 17th 

Century 

Do you understand why Baroque art helped advance the message 

of the Catholic Church during the Counter-Reformation? 

Do you know who Annibale Carracci is and what the focus of the 

Bolognese Art Academy was? 

Do you know who Caravaggio and Gentileschi are, and can you 

explain their use of tenebroso? 

Can you explain the characteristics and importance of Las 

Meninas by Velázquez? 

Do you know who Peter Paul Rubens is and can you explain the 

main characteristics of his work, especially his Rubenesque 

Baroque in the 17th 

Century 


Century 


Century 


Century 


Century 

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figures and political messages? 

Do you know who Nicolas Poussin is and how his values as an 

artist led to the development of the Grand Manner of painting? 

Can you discuss The Rape of the Sabine Women and what makes 

it a perfect example of the Grand Manner? 

The Late Baroque 

Period 

Poussin and the Return 

to the Renaissance 



Do you know what the characteristics of a heroic landscape are? Poussin and the Return 


Do you know who Claude Lorrain is and what his major 

contributions to the Baroque were, especially as a landscape 

painter? 

Do you know who Rembrandt is and what characterized his 

paintings and engravings? 

Can you explain Rembrandt's approach to portraits, including 

group and self-portraits, and can you describe how his portraits 

changed over the years? 

Do you understand the effects of the Protestant Church on 

Baroque portraits, genre art, and still lifes, especially in Holland? 

Can you explain how glazing and underpainting affected the works 

of Johannes Vermeer? 

Can you define the French Royal Academy and its artistic 

influences and values? 

Can you explain how the split of the French Royal Academy into 

Poussinistes and Rubenistes resulted in the Rococo style? 

Can you list the major characteristics of the Rococo style as 

pioneered by Jean-Antoine Watteau? 

Do you know who Vigée-Le Brun is and what her major 

contributions to Rococo art were? 

Can you explain why the French Revolution ended the Rococo 

period? 

Do you know who Chardin is and why his focus on everyday 

objects (as seen in The Ray) made him so popular? 

Can you explain why virtue was such an important quality in art by 

the middle of the 18th century? 



Holland Turns to Art 




Art in 18th-Century 

Europe 

Academia and the Birth 

of Rococo 


of Rococo 


of Rococo 


of Rococo 


of Rococo 

Morality and the "Great 

Style" of England 



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Can you define England's Royal Academy of Art and its artistic 

influences and values? 

Do you know who Sir Joshua Reynolds is and what his major 

contributions to England's Royal Academy of Art were? 

Do you know who Sir Thomas Gainsborough is and why he and 

Reynolds would often paint the same subject? 

Do you know who William Hogarth is and what characterized him 

as an artist? 

Can you define what a morality play is and how it uses satire to 

send a message to viewers? 












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Study Sheet: Italian Mannerism

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