the salmon river watershed - Learning Centre

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guideline, Gordon Creek (62.3%), Moutell Creek (34.8%) and Palmer Creek (49.6%) were subject to the Gleneden fire in the late 1970s. It is very likely that these burned areas are not considered to be denuded. In the areas directly along the river and in the immediate uplands, 30 percent has been cleared in the Yankee Flats area and almost 50 percent in the area below Mount Ida. Much of these areas are private land that has been cleared. However, this study was not able to discern the extent to which potential negative impacts on forests, soils, wildlife and fish in the Salmon River watershed are the result of logging practices on private or crown lands or agricultural practices. These practices could use further scrutiny as part of a watershed management plan. Salvage/protection programs (fire, insects, disease, blowdown) account for 6% of the longterm harvest level in the Okanagan TSA. If salvage could further minimize this loss, or if additional protection measures could be taken, the short-term timber supply could be increased. Another important issue affecting sustainability of forestry in the watershed is mountain pine beetle infestation. At present, the licensees in the watershed are required to harvest infested areas first. Methods for actively fighting beetle attacks include fall and burn, tree baiting and harvest, harvesting attacked trees only and returning the next year to do the same and finally, possibly clearcutting if the attack is extensive. The Forest Practices Code is a package of legislation, regulations, standards and field guides designed to improve the stewardship of B.C.'s forest resources. The Code guides forest management on public and some private lands. It protects a full range of forest values, including fisheries, wildlife, biodiversity, cultural heritage, soils, timber and community watersheds. The Code reduces the size of cutblocks and requires silvicultural systems to be ecologically appropriate to each site. It restricts clearcutting on steep, unstable slopes, in visually-sensitive areas, and in old growth areas vital to wildlife habitat protection. New regulations establish a management zone - where logging is done in a way that protects fish and wildlife habitat - beside all streams, and a no-harvest zone beside streams in community watersheds and all but the smallest fish-bearing streams. Established by law in April 1994, the Forest Renewal Plan represents a long-term commitment to restore and protect the health of forests, safeguard thousands of forest-dependent jobs, and increase economic benefits from each tree harvested. The plan will is to ensure that intensive silvicultural projects rehabilitate forests, enhance the timber supply, and create employment. Employment opportunities will also be created by training programs, value-added processing, and economic diversification in forestry-dependent communities. Forest Renewal BC, the agency charged with implementing the Forest Renewal Plan, has allocated $6 million for enhanced forestry projects, watershed restoration, and other forestrelated programs in the Kamloops Forest Region. There is currently one enhanced forestry project and no watershed restoration projects proposed or funded in the watershed. There is a great deal of potential for putting some of the Forest Renewal Plan funds to work in the Salmon River watershed. Proposals to Forest Renewal BC from community organizations in partnership with industry and government are welcomed to provide the basis for environmental improvement, employment, community development, and productive forests. BC Ministry of Forests participates in three national and international processes working towards the development of criteria and indicators for the sustainability of forests. The Montreal Process developed criteria and indicators which were agreed to by ten non-European countries in March, 1995. The Helsinki Process has aggregated information at a Europeanwide level, and are at a very initial stage of implementation. The Canadian Criteria and 41
Indicators initiative, a product of federal and provincial cooperation, is near completion. Information on the Helsinki and Montreal Processes is available. The Montreal Process, entitled “Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests”, resulted in five ecological criteria, one socio-economic criterion and one policy framework criterion. The seven criteria are summarized below (Table 8) to assist the SRWR in the development of ecosystem objectives and environmental health indicators. 42
Page 2 and 3: DISCLAIMER This report was prepared
Page 4 and 5: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION.
Page 6 and 7: LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: POPULATION
Page 8 and 9: There has also been a dramatic loss
Page 10 and 11: 2.0 CURRENT STATUS AND TRENDS 2.1 S
Page 12 and 13: It appears that much of the populat
Page 14 and 15: Family Characteristics TABLE 2 (con
Page 16 and 17: Family Characteristics TABLE 3 (con
Page 18 and 19: watershed, particularly Westwold. T
Page 20 and 21: Approximately 11% of families in th
Page 22 and 23: First Nations Profile 12 1991 Censu
Page 24 and 25: younger people. Economic restructur
Page 26 and 27: First Nations also administer sever
Page 29 and 30: A report by the Fraser River Enviro
Page 31 and 32: which may arise from an ongoing dem
Page 33 and 34: Oqqqo-o U,q. o Lo*. mmc J. :.0 ,,.,
Page 35 and 36: Farm Size Change The interpretation
Page 37 and 38: The trend appears to be to firmly m
Page 39 and 40: Grazing Lands The drier biogeoclima
Page 41 and 42: • Total area logged 600.5 sq km (
Page 43 and 44: Anticipated Trends The Salmon River
Page 45: environmental values of the area an
Page 49 and 50: The extensive marshes of Salmon Arm
Page 51 and 52: Blackwell Lake has been proposed as
Page 53 and 54: * * al .= c Q0 ‘-’”’””-
Page 55 and 56: .+ U_
Page 57 and 58: A study by Whelen et. al. (1982) li
Page 59 and 60: FIGURE 8: SALMON RIVER -DRY REACH N
Page 61 and 62: I , I , I I I I 1 LL..@KM”’ -h
Page 63 and 64: FIGURE 11: ESCAPEMENT ESTIMATES FOR
Page 65 and 66: Seasonality Information regarding u
Page 67 and 68: areas can be put into perspective,
Page 69 and 70: Miles (1995) infers from Ralph (197
Page 71 and 72: A total of 11,000 ha of wetland are
Page 73 and 74: The task of managing the multitude
Page 75 and 76: .“ &l u
Page 77 and 78: 2.3.3 Wildlife Resources, Populatio
Page 79 and 80: BIRD SPECIES DIVING DUCKS Canvasbac
Page 81 and 82: BIRD SPECIES GULLS & TERNS Franklin
Page 83 and 84: I m c? .- 3 + + .
Page 85 and 86: FREQUENCY BIRD SPECIES OFOCCURRENCE
Page 87 and 88: The occurrence of other rare, endan
Page 89 and 90: TABLE 13: MAMMAL SPECIES OCCURRENCE
Page 91 and 92: a) Cn c o u -41 g 1111 g 1111: [111
Page 93 and 94: Riparian zones and wetland complexe
Page 95 and 96: Environmentally Sensitive Habitats
Page 97 and 98:
Old-Growth Forests Although lodgepo
Page 99 and 100:
ural areas encroach on wildlife suc
Page 101 and 102:
1. Salmon Arm Valley 2. Salmon Vall
Page 103 and 104:
Two isolated aquifers have been ide
Page 105 and 106:
0 0@l o w o 0 o 0- i di : I i : I .
Page 107 and 108:
FIGURE 17: Mean monthly discharge f
Page 109 and 110:
• channel destabilization includi
Page 111 and 112:
Iron, Total 0.3 mg/L 1,2 106 report
Page 113 and 114:
• Salmon River water is “hard
Page 115 and 116:
3.0 SUMMARY OF MAJOR TRENDS The Sal
Page 117 and 118:
where there are over 30 different a
Page 119 and 120:
4.0 KEY PROBLEMS IN THE WATERSHED T
Page 121 and 122:
Identifying and protecting importan
Page 123 and 124:
5.0 MOVING TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY B
Page 125 and 126:
Actions: Water POSSIBLE ACTIONS ADV
Page 127 and 128:
Actions: Ecosystem Health POSSIBLE
Page 129 and 130:
Actions: Sense of Community POSSIBL
Page 131 and 132:
harvesting practices are implemente
Page 133 and 134:
Christiansen, Neils and Todd Romain
Page 135 and 136:
Romaine, Todd. 1995. Resident Surve
Page 137 and 138:
Kime, Frank. President, Salmon Arm
Page 139:
APPENDIX A: Enumeration Areas Chose
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