the salmon river watershed - Learning Centre

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................1
2.0 CURRENT STATUS AND TRENDS............................................................................................................5
2.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE............................................................................................................................5
2.1.1 Economic Profile..................................................................................................................................5
2.1.2 Social Profile......................................................................................................................................14
2.1.3 Linkage of Socio-Economic Factors to Sustainability: Base Case Trends.............................................17
2.2 LAND USE...................................................................................................................................................19
2.2.1 Settlement...........................................................................................................................................20
2.2.2 Agriculture.........................................................................................................................................26
2.2.3 Forestry..............................................................................................................................................35
2.2.4 Recreation...........................................................................................................................................43
2.2.5 Other Resource Uses........................................................................................................................... 46
2.3 AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS...................................................................................................49
2.3.1 Major Biogeoclimatic Zones in the Watershed....................................................................................49
2.3.2 Aquatic Ecosystems............................................................................................................................ 51
2.3.3 Wildlife Resources, Populations, Distribution and Seasonality............................................................ 72
2.4 WATER QUANTITY......................................................................................................................................95
2.4.1 Overview of Watershed Hydrology.....................................................................................................95
2.4.2 Water Demand....................................................................................................................................98
2.5 WATER QUALITY.......................................................................................................................................105
2.5.1 Water Quality Conditions..................................................................................................................106
2.5.2 Water Quality Concerns.....................................................................................................................108
3.0 SUMMARY OF MAJOR TRENDS...........................................................................................................110
3.1.SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC TRENDS.................................................................................................................110
3.2 LAND USE TRENDS.....................................................................................................................................111
3.3 FISH AND WILDLIFE. ..................................................................................................................................112
3.4 WATER QUANTITY.....................................................................................................................................113
3.5 WATER QUALITY.......................................................................................................................................113
4.0 KEY PROBLEMS IN THE WATERSHED..............................................................................................114
4.1 WATER......................................................................................................................................................114
4.2 ECOSYSTEM HEALTH..................................................................................................................................115
4.3 SENSE OF COMMUNITY...............................................................................................................................116
4.4 RURAL LIFESTYLE AND LIVELIHOOD...........................................................................................................116
5.0 MOVING TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY...............................................................................................118
5.1 WATER......................................................................................................................................................118
5.2 ECOSYSTEM HEALTH..................................................................................................................................121
5.3 SENSE OF COMMUNITY...............................................................................................................................123
5.4 RURAL LIFESTYLE AND LIVELIHOOD...........................................................................................................124
REFERENCES..................................................................................................................................................127
PERSONAL CONTACTS................................................................................................................................131
APPENDIX A: Enumeration Areas Chosen As Representative of the Salmon Valley Watershed
for Census Data Collection......................................................................................................135
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