Respiration; buccal and opercular pumps

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2. THE BUCCAL AND OPERCULAR PUMPS In contrast to most terrestrial vertebrates in which oxygen flow across the lungs is bidirectional—inflow and outflow associated with dead air space—oxygen flow in fishes is unidirectional. Water is always sucked in through the mouth and exits by way of the opercular openings on each side of the head. This unidirectional flow pattern eliminates the waste (i.e., lower efficiency) associated with dead air space and makes it possible to maintain a constant gradient for oxygen to diffuse from the water into the blood by way of the gills.
Within the pattern, however, can be seen a definite cycle of respiration that can be divided into a number of phases, two major phases and two minor phases: Phase 1: the Opercular Suction Pump Phase 2: when the pressure is reduced Phase 3: the Buccal Pressure Pump Phase 4: when the pressure is reversed
Page 1 and 2: BIOLOGY OF FISHES FISH/BIOL 311 FUN
Page 3: The average human can utilize only
Page 7 and 8: Diagrammatically, we can express th
Page 9 and 10: Phase 3: The Buccal Pressure Pump:
Page 11 and 12: The timing of the expansion and con
Page 13 and 14: With sensitive pressure transducers
Page 15 and 16: In other pelagic forms, the pumps m
Page 17 and 18: In truly benthic forms, especially
Page 19 and 20: 3. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GILLS
Page 21 and 22: In all bony fishes there are muscle
Page 23 and 24: Deoxygenated blood reaches the gill
Page 25 and 26: Three-dimensional cut-away view thr
Page 27 and 28: List of Air-breathing Fishes Arrang
Page 29 and 30: Lateral views of the gill arches of
Page 31 and 32: Gills are never used for air breath
Page 33: What is the biological significance

Respiration; buccal and opercular pumps

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