Respiration; buccal and opercular pumps

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1. RESPIRATION: THE CAPTURE OF O2 AND ELIMINATION OF CO2 As you know, oxygen is more readily available to terrestrial vertebrates than it is to fishes. Air contains much more oxygen that can dissolve in an equivalent volume of water: 1 liter of air contains 210 cc of oxygen, whereas 1 liter of water contains only 10 cc of oxygen Fishes obtain oxygen by maintaining a continuous flow of water, a medium that is 800 times as dense as air, over the gills. The more continuous and the more steady the flow, the more thoroughly will the gills be able to remove the oxygen that is dissolved in the water.
The average human can utilize only about 25% of the oxygen in a given volume of air between inhalation and exhalation, but in most fishes, the efficiency of oxygen removal is much greater. Fishes such as tunas (family Scombridae), for example, can extract up to 80% of the oxygen dissolved in water passing over the gills. How is this done? How is this continuous flow of water created and maintained?
Page 1: BIOLOGY OF FISHES FISH/BIOL 311 FUN
Page 5 and 6: Within the pattern, however, can be
Page 7 and 8: Diagrammatically, we can express th
Page 9 and 10: Phase 3: The Buccal Pressure Pump:
Page 11 and 12: The timing of the expansion and con
Page 13 and 14: With sensitive pressure transducers
Page 15 and 16: In other pelagic forms, the pumps m
Page 17 and 18: In truly benthic forms, especially
Page 19 and 20: 3. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GILLS
Page 21 and 22: In all bony fishes there are muscle
Page 23 and 24: Deoxygenated blood reaches the gill
Page 25 and 26: Three-dimensional cut-away view thr
Page 27 and 28: List of Air-breathing Fishes Arrang
Page 29 and 30: Lateral views of the gill arches of
Page 31 and 32: Gills are never used for air breath
Page 33: What is the biological significance

Respiration; buccal and opercular pumps

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