Respiration; buccal and opercular pumps

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The accessory air-breathing structures of bony fishes are all modifications of the epithelium of the alimentary canal, or gill chamber, or diverticula emerging from these parts. This includes a host of structures: the mouth, pharynx, gill chamber, esophagus, airbladder, stomach, <strong>and</strong> intestine. Here is an example: Lateral view of the gill arches of the walking catfish (Clarias batrachus)
Lateral views of the gill arches of the walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) showing the respiratory fans, respiratory membranes of the suprabranchial chamber, <strong>and</strong> tree-like extensions that permit the fish to extract oxygen from air when it is out of water.
Page 1 and 2: BIOLOGY OF FISHES FISH/BIOL 311 FUN
Page 3 and 4: The average human can utilize only
Page 5 and 6: Within the pattern, however, can be
Page 7 and 8: Diagrammatically, we can express th
Page 9 and 10: Phase 3: The Buccal Pressure Pump:
Page 11 and 12: The timing of the expansion and con
Page 13 and 14: With sensitive pressure transducers
Page 15 and 16: In other pelagic forms, the pumps m
Page 17 and 18: In truly benthic forms, especially
Page 19 and 20: 3. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GILLS
Page 21 and 22: In all bony fishes there are muscle
Page 23 and 24: Deoxygenated blood reaches the gill
Page 25 and 26: Three-dimensional cut-away view thr
Page 27: List of Air-breathing Fishes Arrang
Page 31 and 32: Gills are never used for air breath
Page 33: What is the biological significance

Respiration; buccal and opercular pumps

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