Respiration; buccal and opercular pumps
Respiration; buccal and opercular pumps
Respiration; buccal and opercular pumps
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The accessory air-breathing structures of bony fishes are all modifications<br />
of the epithelium of the alimentary canal, or gill chamber, or diverticula<br />
emerging from these parts. This includes a host of structures: the mouth,<br />
pharynx, gill chamber, esophagus, airbladder, stomach, <strong>and</strong> intestine. Here is<br />
an example:<br />
Lateral view of the gill arches of the walking catfish (Clarias batrachus)