Respiration; buccal and opercular pumps

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A vitally significant feature is that blood flows across the lamellae in the opposite direction to the water flow. This is the counter-current principle that reoccurs so often in vertebrate anatomy. Blood with higher oxygen content meets water with the highest oxygen content so that oxygen diffuses into the blood along the entire length of the lamellae. This allows for an extremely efficient interchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between water and blood.
Three-dimensional cut-away view through a holobranch of a bony fish showing a gill raker (gr), adductor (ad) and abductor (ab) muscles, and afferent (af) and efferent (ef) branchial arteries.
Page 1 and 2: BIOLOGY OF FISHES FISH/BIOL 311 FUN
Page 3 and 4: The average human can utilize only
Page 5 and 6: Within the pattern, however, can be
Page 7 and 8: Diagrammatically, we can express th
Page 9 and 10: Phase 3: The Buccal Pressure Pump:
Page 11 and 12: The timing of the expansion and con
Page 13 and 14: With sensitive pressure transducers
Page 15 and 16: In other pelagic forms, the pumps m
Page 17 and 18: In truly benthic forms, especially
Page 19 and 20: 3. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GILLS
Page 21 and 22: In all bony fishes there are muscle
Page 23: Deoxygenated blood reaches the gill
Page 27 and 28: List of Air-breathing Fishes Arrang
Page 29 and 30: Lateral views of the gill arches of
Page 31 and 32: Gills are never used for air breath
Page 33: What is the biological significance

Respiration; buccal and opercular pumps

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