28 had similar lists for Middle Ec^'pt there would be more than eighty nomes in Upper Egypt, or about 120 nomes including the Delta. Roman Egypt is treated (in Map vi) as it was in the Delta map. The Thebaid, from Hcrmopolis up, seems to have been regarded as a single division, in the Revenue Papyrus and Strabo. The towns which he names arc given in the table pi. vii as towns, where not stated by other writers as nomes. 51. We now turn to the relics of Osiris, separated into those belonging to the earlier and later nomes, with the numbers of the nomes in the Delta (d) and Upper Egypt (U). (For sources see Dumichen, Geog. Ins. Ill, i, xliii-liii ; Lanzone, Diet. Mil. 697-702 ; de Roug
Map iii may have been the state at the beginning of the Old Kingdom, some of the other nomes appear during that age. We find between the iiird and vith dynasties — Delta ii (l.D. II, 3 ; M.M.D. 3.) iii (L.D. II, 3 ; 34.) V (L.D. II, 3.) vi ? (l.D. II, 5 ; 27, Kkas-ament?) vii (l.D. II, 3 ; Sebek was worshipped in the Delta in three nomes ; iii and iv were western ; stated.) only vii could be eastern as viii (l.D. II, 3. This tiefer nome would ap- pear more likely to be vii, but that seems to be already specified as sebek.) ix (Maspero, Etudes Egyptologiqiies, 248.) x-xii (L.D. II, 3, 5 ; only the bull without dis- tinctions. Other instances are the bull with heseb (?), xi nome, in M.M.G. e ; and the bull with two feathers in M.M.D. 5, which is otherwise un- known.) xvi (L.D. II, 3, s.) Upper iii (D.G. 3, 17; Gebrawi.) v??(M.M.B. 14 ; X (M.M.D. II ; Brit. Mus. 1223.) xii (D.G. 17, 18 ; Gebrawi.) this may only be Horus.) xiv (Ann. Serv. II, 258 ; 111,252.) XV (l.D. II, 112/5; \\i,b,c.) xvi (l.D. II, 1 10 //.) xix (m.m.a. 2.) XX (P. Deshasheh, xxix.) These references are collected in the ist volume of the Studies, M. A. Murray, Names and Titles of the Old Kingdom. 54. Other indications, which though very imper- fect, yet are valuable for their early age, are those given by the carved slate palettes. The earliest of these with standards seems to be that with the towns. This shews as the attacking parties the Hawk, Lion, Scorpion, and two Hawks. The single hawk is pro- bably that of the iind nome of Upper Egypt (Edfu) the two hawks are certainly the standard of the vth nome (Koptos) ; the lion and scorpion tribes do not seem to have localised their standards later. The next slate in style is that with the bull and enemy, on the top. The standards are two Jackals, Ibis, Hawk, and Min sign ; these represent, in Upper Egypt, the xiiith nome (Asyut), the xvth (Hermopolis), the iind ; THE EARLY NOMES 29 (Edfu), and the ixth (Panopolis). The latest slate is that of Nar-Mer, shewing the Hawk, Hawk, Jackal, and piece of flesh ; these represent the iind nome (Edfu), the xviiith (Hibeh), the xiiith (Asyut) or xviith (Kynopolis), and the iind nome of Lower Egypt (Letopolis). We can see thus how the con- quering league was extending its resources, first only from Edfu to Koptos, next down to Hermopolis, and by the time of Mena down to Letopolis. 55. In the maps of the Delta here there is marked on No. I B,B, for two places known as Behut, either of which might be the Sam-bchud capital of the xviith nome ; the eastern is the more probable. Brugsch names also a town Sam-behud which he places at Tell es Semut, here marked S. In the Map i of Upper Egypt will be seen two sites marked S, of Sam-hudet places in the Koptite region. All of these names are certainly prehistoric, as they shew the towns which were " united to Behudet," the hawk god of Edfu, that is to say the allies of the hawk worshippers in their conquest of Egypt, as the shenisu Hor. In Map v of the Delta it should be observed how nearly all the new divisions (marked by names here) are in the low lands toward the coast. This points to the coast districts not having been fully occupied in the earlier periods ; thus we see that the expansion of Egypt took eiifect in the draining and reclaiming of the lower marshes. The extra names were not so much due to a subdivision of government, as to the creation of fresh centres of cultivation. A general feature is that the nome capitals are usually at the forking of the branches of the river, often close together but parted by the stream. Such are iv and v, ix and xii, xiv and xv, xviii and xx, ii and xiii. This shews that the rivers were the boundaries of nome territories, and that we should not usually expect to find nomes extending across a river. These positions of the river must be ancient, as two capitals would not be placed so near together unless there lay a river between them. In Map vi of Upper Egypt the Phaturite nome is not placed at Thebes as usual, because Pliny (who alone names it) gives also Hermonthis, Thebes, and Koptos, leaving no room for it in that region. It may perhaps not represent Pa-ta-res, "the south land," as a name of the Thebaid, but rather Pa-ta- rtct, " the fresh or green land," now Derut where the land is made green by the Bahr Yusuf branching from the Nile.
- Page 1 and 2: NYU IFA LIBRARY 3 1162 04538697 7 ^
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- Page 10 and 11: VI SECT. 48. Roman divisions . 49.
- Page 13 and 14: HISTORICAL STUDIES EGYPTIAN FESTIVA
- Page 15 and 16: ackground. 4 screens of flowers, 10
- Page 17 and 18: 14 measures of dried dates, berries
- Page 19 and 20: The following formula was employed
- Page 21 and 22: proper motion of Sirius, or its gra
- Page 23 and 24: quarry marks upon them. These quarr
- Page 25 and 26: We saw above that the monumental fr
- Page 27 and 28: THE CONTRAST OF THE XHTH AND XVHITH
- Page 29 and 30: has the loose joints of its contemp
- Page 31 and 32: The last item is slightly corrected
- Page 33 and 34: In the xiiith dynasty alone we can
- Page 35 and 36: double use of names for contiguous
- Page 37 and 38: closer subdivision in actual use, a
- Page 39: appear as a nome in Roman times. Ph
- Page 43 and 44: deterioration in fineness, which pr
- Page 45 and 46: to have been almost incredibly larg
- Page 47 and 48: They were apparently half sunk in t
- Page 49 and 50: necks, and 226-229 handles. All the
- Page 51 and 52: P. A small piece of coarse linen cl
- Page 53 and 54: No. 69 intended to be represented a
- Page 55 and 56: one at each end and each side. Coar
- Page 57 and 58: D xi. Mace, El Am. pi. l i, 2, 4, p
- Page 59 and 60: Abib month, 22 Alabaster figures, 5
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1 : 2 STUD. II MEMPHIS. GLAZED POTT
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1 : 2 STUD. II. MEMPHIS. GLAZED POT
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2 : 3 STUD. II. MEMPHIS, POTTERY KI
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1 : 6. STUD: II. PREDYNASTIC AND MI
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1: 6. STUD: II. XVIir'^ DYN., FIGUR
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WORKS BY W, M, FLINDERS PETRIE THE
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