26 TIIK NOMES OF EGYPT
appear as a nome in Roman times. Phagroriopolis, the " eel city," was near this (Strabo), and therefore in the old Heroopolite nome. xv Baht was the civil name of the capital, Panephusis, the nome being named Neout (de R. 105-6). 49. The nomes of Upper Egypt are a simplersubject than those of the Delta ; but there are some results which follow from our study of the development of the Delta nomes, and of the successive periods of the lists. The list A of the corn-figures of Osiris was seen to be the earliest in the Delta, as it was framed before the founding of Memphis. So also in Upper Egypt it is the shortest list, only giving four nomes, V Koptos, viii Abydos, xiv Kousai, and xx Hera- kleopolis. Brugsch's reading of Elephantine instead of Abydos is very unlikely, as Elephantine is always written as the nome Ta-kens in these lists, and not as the town Abit. These four nomes of Upper Egypt, with nine of the Delta, make the primitive thirteen divisions of Egypt before the dynasties. (Map i.) The list B includes Memphis, and is therefore of the earliest dynasties ; in Upper Egypt it includes Elephantine. Lists C and D appear to be contemporary. Koptos is dropped out and Tentyra substituted. The date of this change may be gathered from Khufu being stated to have founded the temple of Tentyra, and the cemetery there beginning about the end of the iiird dynasty. The xth nome appears, but not in the list of Osiris relics. The nome Atf was split into inner and outer, xiii Lykopolis and xiv Kousai. The Fayum was substituted for Herakleopolis. Thus six nomes go with ten of the Delta to make the sixteen nomes of the members of Osiris, Map ii. The next stage is that of the various other relics of Osiris, later than the primitive list of sixteen, see Map iii. These were in ii Apollinopolis, iii Eileith- yiapolis, v Koptos, vii Diospolis, xi Hypsele, xii Hierakonpolis, and xviii Hipponon. The total of the nomes was thus thirteen in Upper Egypt. After this came the stage of Map iv, the addition of the divisions which had no relics of Osiris, nomes iv, ix, X, XV, xvi, xvii, xix, xxi, and xxii, making up the full religious list of twenty-two nomes. This was probably the condition during the Middle Kingdom or earlier. 50. At a later date (see Map v) a much closer sub- division of the Nile Valley took place. There were not only three nomes above Thebes, but three more ha princes, at Hierakonpolis, Latopolis, and Her- monthis. In the list on the temple of Ramessu II at THE NOMES OF UPPER EGYPT 27 Abydos (Mariette, Abydos, ii, 12) there are thirty-six names within the nine upper nomes. And in Ptolemaic times, at Edfu, there is a supplementary list of fourteen extra names within the first eight nomes (Brugsch, Diet. Geog. 708). Ha
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WORKS BY W, M, FLINDERS PETRIE THE