IDA 1ST_Quarter 2010

SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF MINERAL RESOURCES 

PROJECT 

GEOLOGICAL MAPPING, GEOCHEMICAL 

SURVEYS AND MINERAL RESOURCES 

ASSESSMENT IN SELECTED AREAS OF 

UGANDA 

QUARTERLY REPORT JANUARY-MARCH 2010 

GTK CONSORTIUM 

Tapio Lehto, Yrjö Pekkala and Tapio Kuivasaari 

15.4.2010 

Contract No.:MEMD/SMMRP/services/2006/000011 IDA

GTK CONSORTIUM QUARTERLY REPORT JANUARY-MARCH 2010 – IDA 

CONTENTS 

1. INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................4 

1.1. GENERAL.....................................................................................................4 

1.2. PROJECT ORGANISATION .......................................................................6 

1.3. PERSONNEL ................................................................................................6 

2. WORK CARRIED OUT........................................................................................8 

2.1. GEOLOGICAL MAPPING................................................................................9 

2.2. MINERAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT......................................................11 

2.2.1. Dimension stone.........................................................................................11 

2.2.2. Kaolin pegmatites ......................................................................................14 

2.2.3. Vermiculite ................................................................................................18 

2.2.4. Bentonite....................................................................................................20 

2.2.5. Carbonate rocks and other cement raw materials ......................................20 

2.2.6. Other raw materials of cement...................................................................23 

2.2.7. Tin and tungsten.........................................................................................23 

2.2.8. Field visits during the reporting period......................................................25 

2.3. MAP PRODUCTION .......................................................................................27 

2.4. TRAINING .......................................................................................................27 

3. UPDATED WORK PLAN ......................................................................................29 

3.1. PHASE I: DATA GATHERING AND PREPARATION...............................30 

3.1.1. Collection of data.......................................................................................30 

3.1.2. Processing of satellite images ....................................................................30 

3.1.3. Geochemical data.......................................................................................31 

3.1.4. Geophysical data........................................................................................31 

3.1.5. Geological and Mineral Resources data ....................................................32 

3.2. PHASE II: GEOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS, FIELD WORK AND 

COMPILATION OF MAPS....................................................................................32 

3.2.1. Interpretation of satellite imagery..............................................................33 

3.2.2. Geochemical surveys .................................................................................33 

3.2.3. Geophysical surveys ..................................................................................34 

3.2.4. Compilation of preliminary geological and mineral resources maps ........35 

3.2.5. Mapping of A-4 and B areas......................................................................35 

3.2.8. Mapping of selected 1:50k scale map sheets .............................................36 

3.2.9. Petrographic, geochemical and geochronological studies .........................36 

3.2.10. Mineral resources mapping......................................................................37 

3.2.11. Geological field data processing..............................................................38 

3.2.12. Draft final map products and reports .......................................................38 

3.3. PHASE III: FINAL PRODUCTS ....................................................................39 

3.3.1. Explanation texts to geological maps ........................................................39 

3.3.2. Preparation of geological and photo database and ArcGIS files ...............40 

3.3.3. Preparation of mineral occurrences database.............................................40 

3.3.4. Preparation of legend .................................................................................40 

3.3.5. Production of geological maps and observation database .........................41 

3.3.6. Production of digital map sheets................................................................41 

3.3.7. Final Technical Report...............................................................................41 

4. TRAINING PLAN...................................................................................................41 

4.1. OBJECTIVES...................................................................................................42 

4.2. ON-THE-JOB-TRAINING...............................................................................42 

4.3. TRAINING COURSES IN UGANDA.............................................................42 

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4.4. OVERSEAS TRAINING..................................................................................43 

4.5. UPDATED TRAINING PLAN ........................................................................43 

5. EQUIPMENT INVENTORY ..............................................................................43 

APPENDICES 

1. Activity schedule, Updated Gantt Chart, April 2010 

2. Training courses carried out 

3. DGSM staff involved in training 

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1. INTRODUCTION 

1.1. GENERAL 

The Contract for a component in Sustainable Management of Mineral Resources 

Project (SMMRP), financed by International Development Association (IDA), by 

name ”Geological mapping, geochemical surveys and mineral resources assessment in 

selected areas of Uganda” was rewarded to GTK Consortium. It was signed by the 

Permanent Secretary of Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development, Mr F.A. 

Kabagambe-Kaliisa and by the Director of GTK South Finland office, Ms Karita Åker 

in Kampala October 6 th , 2008 (Contract No: MEMD/SMMRP/services/2006/000011). 

The GTK Consortium consists of GTK, Geological Survey of Finland (as leading 

partner), GAF AG from Germany, Council for Geoscience (CGS) from South Africa, 

International Institute for Geo-Information and Earth Observation (ITC) from The 

Netherlands and Fels Consultants Ltd (FCL) from Uganda. 

Geographically the project is defined by: 

In the south by the international border with Rwanda and Tanzania, 

In the west by the international border with the Democratic Republic of 

Congo (DRC), 

In the east by the international border with the Republic of Kenya, and 

In the north by the 1° N latitude. 

In total the approximate area concerned covers 21 full and 18 partial half-by-half 

degree sheets (1:100 000 scale), covered by existing, published maps of variable 

quality (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). 

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Fig. 1. Geological mapping for IDA component. 

Fig. 2. Geological mapping areas for IDA component. 

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1.2. PROJECT ORGANISATION 

The GTK Consortium consists of partners who all have special strengths and fields of 

expertise. As a principal partner, GTK is responsible for the overall management and 

administration of the project. Experienced geologist teams from GTK, CGS and GAF 

are responsible for the geological mapping and mineral resources assessments. The 

production of various types of maps will be GTK’s responsibility. GAF AG with its 

strong background in GIS and satellite imagery interpretation concentrates on remote 

sensing and field verification of the interpretation. 

The planning and implementation of the geochemical surveys is a joint venture 

between DGSM, GTK and CGS. Processing and interpretation of airborne 

geophysics, including the planning and implementation of geophysical ground 

surveys, are carried out jointly by DGSM and GTK. For training, apart from the on 

the job training, the long and varied experience of ITC in organising formal training is 

exploited. In addition, the high level of mineral exploration and mining technology in 

South Africa will be utilized by CGS in their training. 

On the Service Provider’s side, the Management and Quality Control Committee 

(MQCC), composed of chosen members of the Consortium, chaired by GTK, will be 

responsible for internal monitoring of the project. The MQCC monitors managerial, 

quality, administrative and financial issues and makes decisions on proposed 

significant alterations in the action plan or staff, if needed. The members of the 

MQCC are: Yrjö Pekkala (GTK) as chairman, other members: Tobias Wever (GAF), 

Frik Hartzer (CGS) and Frank van Ruitenbeek (ITC). 

1.3. PERSONNEL 

The GTK Consortium staff operating in Uganda during the reporting period was as 

follows: 

Management and administration: 

Tapio Lehto, GTK, Project Manager 

Yrjö Pekkala, GTK, Special Assignments 

Geological mapping: 

Phil Westerhof, Westcourt Consultants, Senior Advisor Geodynamic Analysis 

Matti Lehtonen, GTK, Senior Advisor, Lithostratigraphy 

Tapio Koistinen, GTK, Senior Advisor, Major geological structures 

Hannu Mäkitie, GTK, Team leader geological mapping 

Tuomo Manninen, GTK, Senior Geologist 

Paavo Härmä, GTK, Senior Geologist, Deputy Team leader 

Petri Virransalo, GTK, Senior Geologist 

Kerstin Saalmann, GTK, Senior Structural Geologists 

Jussi Pokki, GTK, Geologist 

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Gerrit de Kock, CGS, Senior Structural Geologist 

Andreas Schumann, GAF, Senior Economic Geologist 

David Kyagulanyi, FCL, Senior Geologist 

Dominique Elepu, FCL, Senior Geologist 

Wilson Ongom, FCL, Technician, Mineral Resources 

Aaloni Waluganja, FCL, Technician, Mineral Resources 

Mineral Resources Assessment: 

Yrjö Pekkala, GTK; Senior Advisor, Industrial Minerals 

Tapio Kuivasaari, GTK, Senior Geologist, Mineral resources 

Geochemical Surveys: 

Reijo Salminen, GTK, Senior Advisor Geochemistry 

Esko Korkiakoski, GTK, Senior Geochemist 

Mikael Eklund, GTK, Geochemist 

Robert Netshitungulwana, CGS, Geochemist 

Geophysical surveys: 

Tapio Ruotoistenmäki, Senior Advisor Geophysics 

Jukka Lehtimäki, GKT, Senior Geophysicist 

Pertti Turunen, GTK, Senior Geophysicist 

Training: 

Reijo Salminen, GTK, Senior Advisor Geochemistry 

Jakobus Elsenbroek, CGS, Senior Geochemist 

Eliah Mulovhedzi, CGS, Geochemist 

In addition to GTK Consortium staff a number of geoscientists from the DGSM 

participated in field work as part of their on-the-job-training, as follows: 

In the lithostratigraphy verification (17.−25.3.2010): Zachary Baguma, Gabriel Data, 

Annet Tumwine, James Natukunda and Agnes Alaba-Kuterema. 

In mineral resources assessment: Vincent Kato and Gabriel Data. 

Geochemical soil sampling commenced March 15 th and is carried out by the DGSM 

team consisting of: Peter Turyasingura, Fred Kigereigu, Deus Muhwezi, Richard 

Kiggwe, Catherine Nyakecho and Marion Leku. 

During the reporting period DGSM provided drivers with good experience on roads 

and local conditions, such as Fred Kiwalabye, Godfrey Apuna, Richard Arnitwi, 

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David Wizeye, Patrick Bugenya, Joseph Kayiwa, Wabbi Godfrey and Robert 

Nsereko. 

The Lithostratigraphical Scheme and the Geological Model for Uganda have been 

developed by a team of highly experienced senior geologists: Mr Matti Lehtonen, Dr. 

Phil Westerhof, Dr Tapio Koistinen and Dr Frik Hartzer (CGS). To support the 

modelling 17 age determinations were made and reported in “Radiometric Ages for 

Rock samples from Uganda, report 1 and 2” by Dr Irmeli Mänttäri dated 30.6.2009 

and 30.12.2009, respectively. Further age determinations are in process. 

The compilation of preliminary geological maps, based on all available geological 

data, remote sensing of satellite images and the airborne geophysical Blocks 1, 2, 2b, 

3, and 7 (Fig. 3), supported by limited field verification, was carried out by the GAF 

team (Dr Tobias Wever, Dr Bernd Schulte, Tilmann Jenett and Antje Lehmann). The 

preliminary geological maps were produced at scale 1:100k, 1:250k and 1:500k 

jointly by the GAF AG team and the GTK map production team (Ms Eira Kuosmanen 

and Ms Anneli Lindh). The interpretation of the airborne geophysics for the use of the 

Consortium for preparation of the preliminary geological maps and for field work was 

carried out by Dr Tapio Ruotoistenmäki (GTK). 

Fig. 3. The blocks for airborne geophysical surveys within the IDA project area. 

2. WORK CARRIED OUT 

The Project is implemented in three, partly overlapping phases: Phase I: Data 

gathering and preparation, Phase II: Geological synthesis, field work and compilation 

of draft maps, Phase III: Preparation of final products. Training is focused mainly in 

Phase II field work, although DGSM geologists have also been involved in data 

gathering from the archieves. The GIS environment has been implemented throughout 

the field mapping and map preparation: GPS, laptop computers, digital cameras etc. 

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are used. ArcGIS (version 9.3), compatible with the GMIS, is used in the production 

of maps and databases. This will ensure that all collected data are consistent over the 

Project area and also with the NDF financed Uganda north. 

Data collection, evaluation and preparation was carried out within the first three 

months (October-December 2008), starting when the contract was signed (October 6 th , 

2008). The interpretation of remote sensed data (satellite images and airborne 

geophysics) integrated with available geological maps was started when the Advance 

Payment was received by the GTK (1.12.2008). Airborne geophysics for Block 1 was 

received from DGSM in November 2008, and preliminary data for the remaining 

blocks (except the last Block 4) were received 16 th January, 2009. The corrected, 

levelled and merged complete airborne geophysical data were received from Fugro at 

the end of April 2009. After that the remote sensing interpretation of airborne 

geophysical blocks 1, 2, 2b, 3 and 7 (Fig. 3) could be carried out as one seamless map. 

This work resulted in a detailed follow up plan for field verification for the whole 

project area. 

Preliminary maps based on integrated remote sensing available geological map data 

and field verification of November 2008 were prepared for the whole project area and 

delivered to the Project Coordinator June 16 th 2009. 

The field verification of the preliminary geology of the IDA contract area started in 

the beginning of February 2009 and was completed by the end of November 2009. 

The geodynamic analyses and the lithological legend were verified in field during a 

two weeks long, joint excursion with DGSM geologists and the senior geological 

advisors of the Consultant in the second half of March 2010. Compilation and drafting 

of the Draft Final Geological seamless map is ongoing in GTK Head office based on 

the established lithostratigraphy. 

2.1. GEOLOGICAL MAPPING 

During 2009 the field mapping covered the whole contract area, starting from the east 

in February and ending in the SW in November. A total of 7108 geological 

observations were made within IDA contract area and rock samples and digital photos 

taken on most of the localities. All the data is spatially correlated so that field forms, 

photos of outcrops and rock samples can be viewed in ArcGIS. The progress of the 

mapping and location of observation points are shown in Fig. 4. 

In total 176 thin sections and 105 whole rock chemical analyses have been made and 

more detailed study of the thin sections is on-going by polarization microscope and 

chemical data by petrological programs. In addition to the six magmatic rocks, dated 

by radiometric methods in GTK (see reports of Irmeli Mänttäri “Radiometric Ages for 

Rock Samples from Uganda”) four new samples have been delivered to the GTK 

laboratory. 

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Fig. 4. Progress of the field verification and distribution of geological observations made by GTK 

Consortium up to March 31 st , 2010. 

New findings in southwestern Uganda in comparison to the published geological 

maps: 

Along the SE contact of the Mubende granite, there are locally up to 1−2 m 

wide zones with hematite rich rock which could be connected to the quartzhematite 

veins in the Buganda-Toro sedimentary rock formation between 

Mubende and Singo granite. Although not showing signs of mineralisation 

some representative quartz-vein samples from the Mubende-Singo area will be 

checked for Au. Magnetite and hematite has been located at Muhunga North 

(0243667E/0050879N), Kirongo East (0229181E/0066514N), Kibalinga 

(0308867E/0053837N, 0369741E/0071509N, 0278633E/0091105). Small 

quarries where 2−4 m wide magnetite/hematite layers in phyllite have 

occasionally been mined are found in Kadiera (0141434E/00501749N) and 

NW of Kabale (0830607E/9861701N). 

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Sulphide mineralization has rarely been encountered, and only few mafic 

(doleritic) dykes showed pyrite or pyrrhotite dissemination, e.g. at Mukukuru 

South (0246912E/0031827N) and Kirongo (0229128E/0066468N). Basic to 

ultrabasic rocks, especially those showing high magnetic susceptibility have 

been checked for base metals (Cr, Ni, Pt), with only marginally elevated 

levels. 

Mafic (-ultramafic) rocks occur in a geophysical anomaly NE of Fort Portal. 

They will be studied more detailed in terms of geophysics and geochemistry. 

Additionally a geological excursion of two weeks in the IDA area was made in March 

to clarify and unify the geology of southern Uganda. Several new rock samples were 

collected for radiometric age determinations, e.g., a new occurrence of alkaline rock 

in Bugiri will be studied. During the excursion, it came quite clear that Pan-African 

overprint also occurs in the Kiboga region. 

2.2. MINERAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 

The known mineral resources in the project area have been checked in the field. A 

summary of findings covering the visited deposits which are considered to have 

potential for further studies were presented in the Annual Report. A number of sites, 

such as Lutembe granite, Kakiri granite, Butende clay, Buteraniro clay, Rwenkanga 

columbite-tantalite pegmatite, Muhokya lime works, Kakabara granite, Rugando 

limestone, Mashonga gold workings, Nyimo granite, Wankoba granite, Kiwugo 

granite, Muyenga granite and Muko olivine basalt were visited and will be described 

in the Draft Final Report when laboratory analyses of samples are available. 

2.2.1. Dimension stone 

Dimension stones are here dealt together with aggregate rocks because at this stage 

the existing aggregate quarries with their nearby surroundings offered an excellent 

starting point for an overall study on dimension stones. 

Lwemivubo aggregate quarry within the Mubende granite massive is situated some 

20 km west of the town of Mubende by the Fort Portal road. 

The rock is coarse grained, porphyric, post-orogenic granite. Reddish feldspar crystals 

(1−10 cm) have occasionally a form of ovoid, and have sometimes also a rim around 

like in rapakivi. Greenish groundmass is comprised of finer grained quartzplagioclase- 

hornblende- (biotite). Magnetite, often altered to hematite, is a common 

accessory mineral, with minor amounts of sulphides and fluorite. 

As aggregate material the rock fulfils the main technical requirements for all 

construction, even though the large grain size restricts the use as a highest quality 

product. 

In the quarry and near vicinity the rock is generally strongly fractured owing to heavy 

use of explosives for blasting. 

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However, the basic jointing style is like that of granite (rapakivi), in which vertical 

and horizontal jointing is well developed. This is an important property for quarrying 

economically big dimension stone blocks. 

Fig. 5. The industrial mineral occurrences around Singo granite in Central Uganda. 

Also the general appearance of the rock; colour and texture, could generate interest 

within dimension stone entrepreneurs. 

Considering that the Mubende granite covers an area of over 3600 sq.km, it would be 

worthwhile to carry out a study to look for the best potential areas for quarrying. 

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Fig. 6. Typical porphyric Mubende granite, Lwemivubo quarry. 

Kiganda aggregate quarry within the Singo granite massive is located about 38 km E 

from Mubende town towards Mityana and some 2 km south of the main road. 

The rock is coarse grained, porphyric, post-orogenic granite. The colour varies from 

reddish to greyish, plagioclase is often a bit greenish, due to alteration into epidote? 

Mineral composition is much like that in Lwemivubo, but in places the amount of 

magnetite is quite high and fluorite was not observed. 

Compared to Lwemivubo the rock here is more variable in texture, colour and grain 

size and accordingly some types are very good as aggregate material. 

Considering Kiganda granite as dimension stone it looks obvious that in the quarry 

and nearby area the rock is more fractured by quarry blasts and also the style of 

jointing is more irregular, which makes the quarrying more difficult (and expensive). 

However, there occur rock types which may be interesting in their appearance. These 

could be quarried as smaller blocks providing slabs for special uses which in fact 

make a good proportion of all dimension stone business. 

These possibilities should also be clarified by studying different exposures in the 

surrounding areas. 

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Fig. 7. Coarse grained, porphyric Singo granite, Kiganda quarry. 

Mwezi aggregate quarry is located in the eastern end of Singo granite, some 80 km 

NW from Kampala towards Hoima, about 1,5 km southwest from the main road. 

The rock in here is also quite variable. The texture is porphyric and main colour is 

rather deep reddish, but greyish and greenish varieties also exist. The grain size is 

generally coarse, but in places especially grey varieties are medium (even fine?) 

grained and have very good properties as aggregate material. 

2.2.2. Kaolin pegmatites 

In this connection the topic is dealt with the deposits which have been visited and new 

information obtained in 2009. Previous studies and data are also described briefly to 

clarify the current status of various deposits. Other potential mineral commodities 

occurring in individual pegmatites are also considered. 

Buwambo pegmatite is located some 27 km from Kampala towards Masindi on the 

top of Namakonkomi hill, about 1 km east of the main road (Fig. 5). The pegmatite is 

hosted in Buganda-Toro rocks and is exposed in rather small area (100x50 m), but 

obviously it is somewhat larger. 

The pegmatite is strongly weathered (kaolinized) in its topmost part and at times it has 

been exploited in small scale for kaolin. At present the quarry is 60 m long, 20 m wide 

and 3-5 m deep. A few exploration pits have been excavated in the nearby area. 

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Fig. 8. Buwambo kaolinized pegmatite. 

Kaolinized parts of the deposit are soft, rather white in colour and composed mainly 

of mica (muscovite) and kaolinite with minor quartz and a little feldspar. In places the 

surface and fracture zones are stained red by Fe-hydroxides. In between the soft 

kaolinitc material there are hard, big portions composed mainly of quartz; typical to 

(complex) pegmatites. 

A few preliminary processing tests have been done of the whitish kaolinitic material 

and the results indicate that the product could fulfill the technical requirements as 

filler, extender or pigment applications for ceramics, paint, paper, rubber, plastics. 

It would be worthwhile to carry out further, detailed studies to find out the extent of 

kaolinized material and the content of kaolinite, then processing methods and 

technical properties of final product. Also the other minerals with potential as byproducts 

should be evaluated. 

On the Migade hill, about 2 km west from Buwambo, a same type of whitish, 

kaolinized pegmatite is exposed and also mined from two small quarries. The 

weathered material is not as white as in Buwambo. 

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Fig. 9. Location of the mineral resources in SW Uganda. 

Mutaka pegmatite is located 6 km to SSW from Kabira trading centre and an access 

from Ishaka on Mbarara- Kasese road is 16.6 km south to Kitagata and then 16 km 

west to Kabira. 

The deposit has been exploited at times since 1960 when beryl was discovered there. 

By 1968 Mutaka produced 270 tons beryl, 17 tons cassiterite and 5.5 tons columbitetantalite. 

Thereafter the operation ceased for years, only in late 1980s a small scale exploitation 

started again by Mutaka mining association. In 1991 Muhindo Enterprises applied the 

mining lease on the deposit and still holds it. 

In late 1991 DGSM was contracted to carry out an exploration programme on the 

deposit; geological mapping, pitting and sampling. Also the drilling of 8 holes, 410 m 

in total, by Kilembe Mines Ltd was included and completed in March 1992. 

Based on these studies the ore reserve calculation for kaolin was prepared by 

DGSM/Hadoto in 1993, giving proved reserves 300 557 tons and probable reserves 

538 623 tons. This calculation is based on the 30% kaolin (kaolinite) content in the 

ore. 

However, the above reports do not describe the type of samples and how the kaolin 

percentage was determined. This should be clearly specified because it is of essential 

importance in the reserve calculation. 

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Fig. 10. Mutaka pegmatite. The vegetated material on the wall and heaps on the bottom is quartz-rich 

waste after previous mining operations. 

Latest laboratory tests of Mutaka kaolin by GTK gave an average kaolinite content 

13.5% for 7 samples. These determinations also showed that in strongly weathered 

material of Mutaka deposit the main mineral is K-feldspar, with an average content of 

85.5% in 7 samples. 

It can also be noted that the K-feldspar is extremely pure, with very high K-content 

(up to 15%) and very low Fe2O3 (0.02–0.1%). This kind of high quality product could 

find special markets with special price if the production and marketing could be 

economically arranged. 

Preliminary tests on the quality of kaolin showed that the technical properties of the 

processed product would meet the requirements as filler, extender or pigment 

applications for ceramics, paper, paint, fiberglass, rubber and plastics industries. 

Considering the above it would be worthwhile to carry out additional studies on the 

Mutaka deposit to find out its real potential for various industrial applications. 

Nyabushenyi pegmatite is located some 10 km from Ntungamo towards Kabale and 

ca 3 km to NNW from the main road. 

The deposit is hosted in the Karagwe-Ankolean rocks like tens of other pegmatites in 

southwest Uganda. 

The deposit was mined from early 1960s until mid 1970s by the Uganda Mining 

company. 

A total of 270 tons of beryl, which was the main product, was produced, amblygonite 

and columbite-tantalite were by-products. It has been estimated that probable beryl 

reserves to 50 m depth would lie between 4800–6300 tons. 

No estimates on amblygonite and other minerals have been given. 

The Nyabushenyi pegmatite is supposed to be quite extensive, over 500 m long and 

over 100 m wide, but it is poorly exposed. The main minerals are quartz, feldspars 

17


and mica. In exposed parts and quarries the rock is weathered (kaolinized) in places, 

but strongly kaolinized parts form only small, irregular lenses. Accordingly there is 

not enough of quality kaolin even for semi-industrial exploitation. 

However, considering the above given estimate some additional work might be 

worthwhile. 

Moni kaolin deposit is situated on the eastern suburbs of Mbale town about 40 km 

north from Tororo, in SE Uganda. 

The rock is a coarse grained pegmatite granite which is partly kaolinized. Feldspar, 

quartz, kaolinite and muscovite are the main minerals, besides there is a lot of 

secondary Fe-hydroxide staining in fractures, cavities and on the quarry wall. 

The kaolinite content is not more than 15–20% at maximum. 

Fig. 11. Moni kaolin in Mbale. The brown staining colours only the surface. 

There is a quarry, some 150 m long in N-S direction and 20–30 m wide, the depth is 

up to 5 m. The eastern wall ends in a weathered, greenish mica schist. 

Kaolinised material is quarried by a local enterprise and transported to Tororo Cement 

for an Al-additive in clinker production. 

2.2.3. Vermiculite 

Namekara vermiculite deposit is located in Manafwa District, SE Uganda, on the 

eastern side of Tororo- Mbale road. The vermiculite prospect occurs on the southwestern 

margin of the Bukusu Carbonatite Complex where the vermiculite formation 

was developed at the contact between the mica-rich pyroxenites and carbonatite. 

First time Namekara vermiculite was investigated by pitting and drilling in 1950s in 

conjunction with British and Ugandan Geological Surveys. Small scale exploitation in 

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late 1950s proved uneconomic. In 1988 van Straaten recorded that both the cation 

exchange capacity and the exchangeable Mg content of vermiculite are good. 

Later CRL, a Ugandan subsidiary of Canadian IBI Corporation investigated the 

potential of high grade vermiculite at Namekara by trenching (17) and by diamond 

drilling (12 holes in total 490 m). Based on the results of these investigations a 

processing plant was installed in 2001. 

Fig. 12. Namekara pit, vermiculite (light) at the center, below dark brown soil. 

Between 2002 and 2006 a total of 16 000 tonnes of mainly medium grade vermiculite 

was exported, while a small tonnage was exfoliated on site and sold on local market 

as a soil conditioner and insulation material for fuel efficient stoves. 

Thereafter Rio Tinto bought the prospect and carried out an extensive RC drilling 

programme of 72 holes, in total 3490 m as well as comprehensive laboratory testing at 

Rio Tinto laboratories in France, at PMC in RSA and at Palabora Mining Company in 

RSA. 

Due to serious financial difficulties Rio Tinto IM Division sold the prospect in late 

2009 to Gulf Resources from Australia. 

Before buying the prospect Gulf Resources contracted SRK Consulting from RSA to 

review the Exploration work and Mineral Resource estimate of Namekara which Rio 

Tinto completed on the vermiculite potential of Mining License area and on 

Exploration License areas in the vicinity of Namekara. 

In their report SRK Consultants conclude that the mineral resources in Inferred 

category for the Namekara Prospect are altogether 54.9 Mt at 15% cut-off of 180_V 

quality vermiculite. Of the total 26.7% is of 180_V and 18.8% of 425_V quality. 

Considering the above figures it is clear that the vermiculite reserves in Namekara are 

large enough and obviously also the quality fulfils the requirements for a major 

operation. The question is how to enter the world market where the competition in 

vermiculite business in tough. 

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2.2.4. Bentonite 

Two bentonite occurrences were visited in Rukungiri District; Burama and Ntungwa. 

The Burama deposit has been recently investigated by DGSM (Kato, 2008). In the 

investigated 1.7 ha area, the bentonite occurs in 3-4 m thick layer, totaling 115 000 t. 

A study in GTK laboratory confirmed that smectite (bentonite) is the main mineral, 

other identified minerals in a sample were kaolinite and quartz. EDX-spectrum 

indicates that the clay is mainly Ca-bentonite, but there is also Na in the lattice of 

bentonite. 

Fig. 13. Ntungwa bentonite and Mr. Prosper Ndabahika, License holder. 

In Ntungwa the bentonite is exposed in valley walls dissected by River Ntungwa 

(Birira). The bentonite layer, thickness so far unknown, is covered by about 10 m 

thick Quarternary (?) sand and gravel overburden. A preliminary study in GTK 

laboratory confirmed that the main mineral is smectite (montmorillonite), with minor 

quartz, K-feldspar, analcime and kaolinite. This sample was from the eastern side of 

the river. A sample from the opposite side of the river was clearly more sandy. GTK’s 

XRD-study indicated that the smectite content of this sample was much smaller than 

in the previous sample. Here the main mineral was quartz, the second smectite and 

others kaolinite, analcime, muscovite and K-feldspar. 

These two occurrences represent separate deposits, because they are 8 km apart from 

each other. Before these findings no bentonite deposits were known to exist in 

Uganda. 

2.2.5. Carbonate rocks and other cement raw materials 

The main use for carbonate rocks in Uganda is for cement manufacturing, accordingly 

the demand is for a Mg-poor, low alkali and low phosphorus marble or limestone. The 

magnesia (MgO) content in clinker should not exceed 3% and P2O5 should be less 

than 1%. If the cement company’s main carbonate rock source has too high contents 

of MgO or P2O5, the problem can be solved by mixing it with better quality carbonate 

20


rock. This is what is currently being done in Tororo. The main source is the sovite of 

Lime Kiln Hill (Tororo carbonatite center, Fig 14) and the admixture marble is 

quarried from Moroto (Katikekile), at a distance of 280 km. 

The Tororo Cement Ltd is at present upgrading the production and in 2010 the cement 

production will be 500 000 tons and possibly 1 Mt in 2012. The latter figure means 

that the annual demand of a good quality limestone is 1.5–1.7 Mt. 

The other cement plant in Uganda is located in Hima and it is a subsidiary of 

Bamburi Cement and a part of Lafarge East Africa. When the ongoing expansion 

there is completed, the annual production capacity will be 830 000 t and the demand 

of limestone 1.3–1.5 Mtpa. The current source is the lacustrine limestone exposed 

nearby the plant (Fig.16). The deposit consists of two limestone layers, both about 5 

m thick and separated by a 5 m thick clay bed. So far only the topmost bed has been 

exploited. The future reserves in the Dura limestone are according to the Company’s 

commercial manager for 20 years’ exploitation. 

Logistically the exploitation of Dura limestone is problematic; the shortest distance 

between Hima and Dura is less than 20 km, but in practice the distance is much longer 

because the 150 km transport route will be Dura-Kamwenge-Fort Portal-Hima, unless 

the old railway connection will be re-opened. 

In brief, in an ideal case the bulk raw material resources of cement manufacturing, 

limestone and clay, should be available close to the plant. Unfortunately that is not the 

case in Uganda. Long transport distances of low-value bulk materials raise the cost of 

the final product. In consequence large, good quality limestone resources, relatively 

close to the cement plants are in urgent demand, and accordingly serious 

investigations to discover or/and confirm these should be carried out, especially in 

Tororo area. 

Fig. 14. A part of Lime Kiln Hill open pit, in the background Cave Hill (left) and Reservoir Hill. 

21


Fig.15. Mineral occurrences located close to the Kenyan border. 

Fig. 16. A part of Hima Cement limestone pit. In the background old quarry face and reforested pit 

bottom. 

22


2.2.6. Other raw materials of cement 

Another basic raw material in cement manufacturing is clay, as a source for alumina. 

Generally the common clay is good enough, but for chemical adjusting both of the 

Ugandan cement companies use also kaolin, Tororo Cement from a pit close to Mbale 

and Hima Cement from Bushenyi. 

Gypsum, CaSO4·2H2O, is needed about 5% in cement manufacturing. At the moment 

both companies import the gypsum, Tororo from Oman and Hima from Kenya. Large, 

but low grade deposit occurs in Kibuku, Bundibugyo District (Kabagambe-Kaliisa 

1977). Bundibugyo Miners Association has previously excavated and processed small 

amounts of gypsum with primitive methods, 100–300 tpa and sold it to Hima Cement. 

At present this has ceased. The annual gypsum consumption of Hima Cement will be 

about 40 000 tons when the plant works to capacity after the enlargement. 

It would be worthwhile to find out the potential of the Kibuku deposit by carrying out 

proper processing tests to achieve a pure gypsum concentrate. Previously this was not 

the case. 

2.2.7. Tin and tungsten 

The Mwerasandu cassiterite and Nyamuliro tungsten deposits were visited in 

November 2009. The geological setting of these deposits are genetically related to 

numerous small bodies of granites, pegmatitic granites and pegmatites intruded into 

the Kibaran belt between 1000 and 900 Ma. These G4 granites are the source of 

Kibaran (Karagwe-Ankolean) tin and tungsten mineralization. 

Tin mining in Uganda started about 80 yrs ago, in 1927 and in 1927–1960 almost 10 

000 tons of tin concentrate was exported. Good years for tin mining were also in 

1960s and 1970s when the world tin prices were high. 

In Mwerasandu (Fig.17) the tin occurs in quartz-muscovite veins and it is still left in 

old tailing heaps. Besides these not much is to be seen on the surface about old mining 

activities, except some old adits and shafts. Several artisanal teams are still working in 

the area, some with the tailings and most inside the tunnels. The men interviewed 

estimated that about 300 people are working at the deposit. 

23


Fig. 17. Mwerasandu tin deposit. Coarse tailings and (in the center) an adit to shaft entrance, still in 

active use. 

One kg of cassiterite concentrate fetches 7000–8000 UGX. The LME metal price 

during the previous year has been about 12–18 USD/kg; taken account of impurities 

in concentrate, the value of contained tin is about 7–10 USD/kg. According to USGS, 

no production figures for tin exist after 2004, when the estimated production was 2 

tons (tin content). 

In southwestern Uganda tungsten mineralization occur for the most part as 

mineralized quartz veins intruded in Kibaran sediments, some smaller occurrences 

confined to Singo granite has also been mined in 1940s. 

In Krone (U) Ltd’s Nyamuliro (Bjordal mine) tungsten occurs as ferberite, which is an 

iron rich member of the wolframite group. The veins are preferentially emplaced into 

cleavage planes cutting the bedding. The actual country rocks are anomalously 

graphite containing horizons in phyllites. At present all the work from mining to 

concentrating is done manually by work force of about 50 men (Fig. 18). Daily 

production rates are rather variable, 150–800 kg/d. The annual production in Uganda 

during the last few years has been some 45–94 tons. 

24


Fig. 18. Nyamuliro mine, manual enrichment of the tungsten ore. 

2.2.8. Field visits during the reporting period 

Kaolin from the Kibalya hill in Bushenyi district is mined mainly for aluminium 

additive in cement production at Hima. The transport distance is about 135 km. The 

elevation difference between the hill top, where the kaolin mining takes place, and the 

surrounding lowland is 230 m and the track is rather demanding, both for vehicles and 

drivers. 

Fig. 19. A part of Kibalya Hill kaolin quarry, Bushenyi District. 

The Kibalya kaolin is derived from Karagwe-Ankolean siltstones/schists by regional 

weathering. The colour is rather white, except local pinkish coloration by 

iron/manganese minerals. This kind of mineralization is a typical weathering result of 

K-A System siltstones/schists, which can be observed in many road cuts in SW- 

Uganda. The demand of kaolin by Hima Cement Ltd is currently three truckloads in a 

25


week. Samples were collected for laboratory tests. The kaolinised area extends more 

than 1 km in length and the depth exceeds 50 m. 

The kaolin of the Koki deposit in Rakai District resembles that of Kibalya, however 

the quartz content is clearly higher making the material more compact than in 

Kibalya. Also the iron and manganese contents are higher, which is seen in stronger 

pink coloration. Samples were taken for laboratory tests. 

Fig. 20. Original structure retained in Koki kaolin, Rakai District 

A large, old aggregate quarry was visited near Ntungamo. The rock is granitic, only 

slightly foliated and porphyric. The form of aggregate particles are near-cubic. Good 

aggregate rock. 

The new airborne geophysical survey brought up three roundish magnetic anomalies 

to the east of the Bugiri town. Experts of some prospecting companies have 

interpreted those as possible buried carbonatites. Much of the anomalies are covered 

by wetlands or they are flat areas. The anomalies have been visited by the Consortium 

teams and only one outcrop was discovered. The rock in there was massive 

anorthositic gabbro, possibly with cryptic layering. Therefore more studies should be 

carried out to find out the actual nature of these anomalies. 

The interest for the REEs (rare earth elements) is increasing worldwide, especially 

after China´s announcement to cut threir REE exports to protect their own high tech 

industry. The carbonatites and alkaline complexes are the most potential host rocks 

for the REEs, In carbonatites also the surrounding alkaline haloes (fenites) are 

potential source rocks. A reconnaissance sampling to test their REE potential was 

carried out at Sukulu and Bukusu complexes. Samples were collected both from 

carbonatites and their fenite haloes. 

26


References used: 

Kato, V. and Namboyera, A. 2008. Draft bentonite assessment report. Burama, 

Rukungiri District, Sheet 84/2. Unpublished report. DGSM. 

Kabagambe-Kaliisa, F. 1977. A detailed geological mapping of the area covered by 

the Kibuku gypsum project. Report No FAKK/4. DGSM. 

2.3. MAP PRODUCTION 

The Preliminary geological maps, 36 maps at scale 1:100 000 and 7 maps at 1:250 

000 scale have been delivered to the SMMRP in June 16 th 2009. They have 

continuously been updated using the information captured in the field. Interpretation 

is being verified and formation contacts (polygons) modified accordingly. The 

Lithostratigraphic Legend has been verified in the field by DGSM geologists and the 

senior geological advisors of the consultant during two weeks in March 2010. The 

drafting of the Draft Final map and Legend is in progress. The geological and mineral 

resources maps will be presented for evaluation in the end of June 2010. 

A final layout for the maps was discussed with the SMMRP August 24 th 2009 and a 

test map was produced in 100 000 scale and given to SMMRP for final comments in 

September 9 th 2009. This layout will be used for the Draft Final geological maps. The 

names for the 100 000 map sheets were presented for approval to SMMRP. 

Thematic geophysical maps, as specified in the contract, were presented to SMMRP 

staff September 16 th 2009. 

Additional radiometric maps to support target selection for field work have been 

produced, including processed uranium, thorium and potassium maps, to highlight 

uranium ore potential targets. 

2.4. TRAINING 

Formal training courses in the project have been completed and are described as 

follows: 

During May 18 th to 29 th 2009 a training course in Geochemical Surveys was given by 

Dr Reijo Salminen (GTK), Jakobus Elsenbroek (CGS) and Robert Netshitungulwana 

(CGD) to 12 trainees. During the first week theory behind using geochemistry in 

geological mapping and exploration was presented and the second week was spent in 

practical sampling in the field in Mityana-Mubende area. The training activity has 

been reported in a separate report. An orientation geochemical survey was carried out 

during the second week of the training. The results and recommendations have been 

summarized in a “Geochemical Orientation Study” -report that was delivered to 

SMMRP Project Coordinator September 16 th , 2009. 

During June 1 st to 12 th 2009 a training course in Geological Mapping I was given to 

14 trainees by Dr Tsehaie Woldai (ITC) and Dr Andreas Schumann (GAF). During 

the first week lectures and exercises were given and during the second week 

geological mapping was carried out in Jinja area. A separate training report describes 

the details. 

27


During August 31 st to September 11 th 2009 a training course in Data Base 

Management in geological mapping was given Drs Frank van Ruitenbeek and John 

Carranza (ITC) to 18 trainees. This formal course with special emphasis in remote 

sensing data has also been reported separately including an evaluation of the 

participants. 

The course “Geological Mapping II”, held by Dr Tsehaie Woldai (ITC) and Dr 

Kerstin Saalmann (GTK) November 2 nd to 13 th 2009, focused on remote sensing 

interpretation of Kiboga area and on structural elements in geological mapping in 

general. After the theory, the map interpretations were verified in the field and 

geological line structures were measured where visible in Buganda-Toro sediments. 

This exercise resulted in each group producing a geological map which was presented 

and discussed during the last day of the course. 

A Mineral Resources Assessment (MRA) course started September 28 th 2009 with 

mineral prospectivity training given by Dr. John Carranza of ITC and continued until 

October 1 st with presentations by Yrjö Pekkala (GTK) covering “Overview of 

Industrial Minerals” and “The economic importance and versatility of Industrial 

Minerals”. The assessment of Dimension stone and Rock Aggregate resources was 

presented by Paavo Härmä (GTK). The prepared lectures by Tapio Kuivasaari and 

Tapio Lehto were postponed due to sudden illness and loss of family member, 

respectively. Instead, the lectures “Industrial Minerals Prospecting” and “Cement Raw 

Materials” by Tapio Kuivasaari and “Gold Resources Assessment” by Tapio Lehto 

were given on Monday, November 30 th 2009. 

For practical mineral resources assessment training, the kaolinized pegmatite at 

Buwambo, some 26 km north of Kampala, along the road to Luwero, was mapped by 

the trainees. The geologists were divided in three groups and each made an evaluation 

of the deposit. Its size was measured and quality evaluated. Kaolin and quartz were 

recognized as valuable minerals. Kaolin can be separated by wet screening. Quartz 

forms the major part of the coarse materials. Other minerals with economic value, 

such as Li minerals, were tentatively identified. 

The newly opened exploration trenches at Kamalenge Gold Prospect, near Mityana, 

were utilized for practical field training in mineral assessment during November 23 rd 

to 26 th 2009. The objective was to utilize the Singo and Mubende granites with their 

known mineralisations in training. Kamalenge (36N 0362346/0072894) has gold both 

in river valley gravel and as primary mineralisation within shear zone related quartzhematite 

veins, stringers and stockwork in Buganda-Toro shales and sandstones. The 

development work by the mining company AUC on the gold mineralised sandstone 

provides good targets for more detailed field work by various disciplines (geology, 

geophysics and geochemistry). 

On regional scale the Buganda-Toro sediment formation between the Mubende and 

Singo granite batholiths is distinct on airborne geophysical surveys. WNW-ESE 

trending weakness zones are cut by NE-SW trending fractures, possibly providing 

passage for gold bearing fluids. The EM survey of Block EM2b indicates some E-W 

trending conductors in connection to magnetic structures that are recommended for 

more detailed exploration. 

The Mubende granite was studied in an old aggregate quarry, ca 20 km west from the 

town of Mubende, along the road to Fort Portal. The team’s interest was targeted 

mainly for its potential as a dimension stone for construction. The granite was found 

28


to be esthetically appealing with coarse, rapakivi type texture, epidotized plagioclase 

giving a greenish tint. However, dense jointing at the aggregate quarry would not 

allow for frame saw size of large blocks. Instead, circular saw size blocks, for tiles 

and smaller size slabs could be produced. 

The possible uses of the Singo granite were studied in an aggregate quarry ca 40 km E 

of Mubende, close to the village of Kiganda. The granite is medium grained, colour 

varying from light to greenish and reddish, classified as “appealing”. Jointing makes it 

difficult to produce large blocks, but for slabs and smaller blocks the jointing was 

considered positive. 

A course on Geophysical Ground Surveys was given by Dr Tapio Ruotoistenmäki and 

Jukka Lehtimäki (GTK) during November 30th to December 11 th 2009. First two days 

were used to check the equipment in the DGSM and to discuss the theories behind 

geophysical exploration methods. Practical geophysical survey, using gravimetry, 

magnetics and IP, was carried out along a traverse intersecting the possible extensions 

of the gold bearing structures in the Kamalenge gold prospect near Mityana. A 

separate report has been delivered to SMMRP in March 2010. In Kamalenge there are 

geochemical indications of gold and sulphide minerals in soil that may indicate that 

the gold could originally be connected to sulphides and then provide a target that can 

be followed by ground geophysics. 

In addition to the formal courses, additional information was given by the GTK 

Consortium team members. Ms Eira Kuosmanen, GIS geologist responsible for GTK 

map production, gave a presentation “Introduction to ArcGIS” during one day (3.8). 

Close to 30 persons, most of them from DGSM attended the seminar. The progress of 

the field mapping was discussed July 27 th in the DGSM Boardroom, when Hannu 

Mäkitie, Tuomo Manninen, Gerrit de Kock and Steven Boger presented their mapping 

results for about 20 persons from DGSM during a day. DGSM was briefed on 

mapping progress in February and in March 2010. 

3. UPDATED WORK PLAN 

All tasks within the consecutive phases (I, II and III) of the Project are briefly 

described below, thereby identifying activities and products. The remotely sensed 

geological interpretation model is upgraded with new geological information provided 

by field verification and laboratory studies. The first set of the Draft Final Geological 

maps (upgraded preliminary maps) together with draft Final Geological Report will be 

submitted to the Employer before the start of final map production. 

Final Products – the production of final geological, geochemical, geophysical and 

mineral deposit maps will start as soon as the draft final map products have been 

accepted by the Employer. The seamless geological and mineral resources map data 

will be presented as 1:250 000 and 1:100 000 scale maps. High resolution geophysical 

airborne data combined with field mapping will enable the production of selected 1:50 

000 scale maps from areas with high mineral potential. 

The Action plan on Gantt Chart (App.1) is updated in Quarterly and Annual Reports 

showing the overall progress of the Project. 

29


3.1. PHASE I: DATA GATHERING AND PREPARATION 

The collection, examination, processing and filing of all documents and data, such as: 

topographic maps, satellite imagery, existing geological maps, publications and 

reports and other useful and relevant documents, have been completed. 

3.1.1. Collection of data 

Digital topographic maps have been used as basis for the various map products. All 

received digital and paper map data has been transformed to ArcGis compatible 

format and arranged as separate layers in the Digital Map Library (DML) established 

by GTK. 

The spatial accuracy of the maps has been evaluated and has in places been improved, 

by taking new GPS-control points during field work and improving transformation 

formulas. The topographic data from the National Forest Authority (NFA), combined 

with Digital Terrain Data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), with a 

resolution of 90 meters, has been used as base data for the new integrated geological 

maps. 

Activities: 

Topographic data, scale 1:250k, 1:100k and 1:50k in digital format has 

been collected. 

All digital topographic maps used by the Project have been geo-referenced, 

transformed to ArcGIS format and converted to the datum and projection 

of the final products and stored in the DML. 

Products: 

All topographic data have been stored in appropriate format in the DML 

and are available for ArcGIS map production. 

3.1.2. Processing of satellite images 

Interpretation of digital Landsat ETM and ASTER imagery data has been carried out. 

Computer interpretation on-screen has the advantage of contrast enhancement and 

availability of several image processing techniques. The remote sensed and processed 

data are available for the field survey teams in their laptops and, when needed, as hard 

copies. 

Activities: 

Unprocessed satellite imagery (Landsat ETM, in digital format) and 

selected ASTER images have been acquired for the Project area. 

Satellite imagery has been examined qualitatively. 

The Landsat ETM scenes have been haze corrected and de-striped where 

necessary. 

The Landsat ETM scenes have been geometrically corrected and georeferenced 

on UTM projection (WGS 84) and have in places been checked 

on the basis of GPS ground control points. 

30


Interpreted satellite image data has been integrated with Digital Elevation 

Model (DEM) from SRTM and with major topographic features (towns, 

villages, roads) from topographic maps. 

Products: 

Digital coverage of geo-referenced Landsat ETM images and multispectral 

(false) colour ’fused images’ enhanced for the discrimination of 

lithological and structural features. 

3.1.3. Geochemical data 

The GTK Consortium continues carrying out an inventory of all available relevant 

geochemical data and creating a geochemical database for the Project area. The 

available geochemical maps are being scanned, geo-referenced, classified, integrated 

and interpreted. The map data will be stored in ArcGIS format thus being compatible 

with the GMIS. 

A total of 267 soil samples provided by the UNDP survey have been sieved and sent 

to CGS laboratory in Pretoria for multielement and gold analyses. 

Activities: 

All geochemical data, maps and analytical tables, made available to the 

Service Provider, are being collected, scanned, geo-referenced and stored 

in the DML. 

A meta-database for geochemical information has been created with 

adjoining maps showing the distribution and other parameters of older 

surveys. 

Geochemical maps shall be produced as defined in the contract and 

analytical results will be organized in ArcGIS, compatible with the GMIS. 

Products: 

Meta-database for geochemical surveys in the Project area done. 

Target selection for field follow up has been done, based on previous 

geochemical surveys in the country and an action plan made. 

3.1.4. Geophysical data 

A high-resolution airborne geophysical survey has been conducted in a number of 

Blocks in the southern parts of Uganda (Fig. 3), approximately coinciding with the 

area to be mapped in this Project. The data files have been received (preliminary in 

January 16 th , 2009, semi final March 18 th , 2009 and the corrected, levelled and 

merged data end of April 2009). All the blocks have been processed and used in 

preparation of the preliminary geological maps and for selecting areas of special 

interest for field verification. Targets have been selected for follow-up. 

Activities: 

All geophysical data, made available to the Service Provider by the 

Employer, has been collected and relevant data filed in the DML. 

31

Products: 


Regional coverage and quality of the airborne geophysical data has been 

evaluated to assess the usability of the data in geological interpretation of 

the mapping areas. 

Gridding of airborne geophysical down-line data and conversion of 

existing grids to Geosoft-format has been completed. 

Airborne geophysical maps have been produced to support the mapping. 

Thematic geophysical maps in scale 1:500 000 have been delivered to the 

SMMRP September 16 th 2009. 

Target selection for ground geophysical follow up has been made. 

3.1.5. Geological and Mineral Resources data 

Existing geological and mineral resource data in the archives of the DGSM has been 

collected and evaluated. The accumulated data has been organized in the DML, 

compatible with ArcGIS and attached with other digital, similarly geo-referenced 

datasets and geological maps. 

After a reconnaissance mapping in November 2008, the mapping of the contract area 

was implemented during 2009 (March−November). 

Activities: 

Existing geological maps and mineral resource information relevant to the 

Project area have been collected, evaluated and filed in digital format or as 

hard copy. 

Available geological maps (digital or hard copy) from the bordering areas 

of neighbouring countries have been collected and filed. 

Relevant geological, geochemical and geophysical maps have been 

scanned. 

Relevant reports, geology, mineral deposits, activity reports by companies 

to the Mines Department and other exploration results reported by the 

companies have been studied. 

Relevant scanned geological map material has been digitized. 

Products: 

Meta-database for all relevant geological map products compiled. 

Database of existing geological maps in the Project area in ArcGIS format 

made. 

Collection of all available geological maps relevant to the project area 

done. 

3.2. PHASE II: GEOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS, FIELD WORK AND 

COMPILATION OF MAPS 

The main objective of this phase is to produce draft final geological, geochemical, 

geophysical and mineral resource maps. 

32


3.2.1. Interpretation of satellite imagery 

Geological interpretation has been carried out based on existing geological 

information, geo-referenced Landsat ETM imagery, selected ASTER scenes and radar 

imagery. To highlight structural features such as faults, foliation, fold axes, dips and 

strikes of bedding planes, spatial and frequency domain filtering has been applied. 

With modern GIS and Image Processing-tools, like ER-Mapper and ArcGIS, the 

enhancement of satellite images/geophysical raster maps the geological interpretation 

is carried out as an interactive process during all stages of map compilation. 

Activities: 

Contrast enhancement to further optimize the image contrast for the 

benefit of discrimination of lithological units and structures has been 

carried out. 

Products: 

Geological and structural interpretations of the satellite images done. 

Outcrop prediction maps to assist quick field verification and mineral 

resources assessment utilized. 

3.2.2. Geochemical surveys 

Based on compilation of existing geochemical, geological, geophysical and mineral 

occurrence data, a program for follow-up geochemical surveys has been planned and 

will be carried out in selected high prospectivity areas as agreed with DGSM. 

An orientation survey was carried out during May, 2009 to define the basic 

parameters (sample depth, sample spacing, type of sample, etc.) for new surveys and 

to contribute to the preparation of a Geochemical Field Manual. The report 

“Geochemical Orientation Study” was delivered to Project Coordinator September 

16 th 2009. 

In areas with sufficient sample density and reliable analytical results, the 

geochemistry may be presented in 1:50k scale map sheets. In other areas the 1:250k 

and 1:100k scale maps will illustrate high-potential exploration targets. 

Activities: 

Orientation geochemical survey has been carried out and reported. 

A draft manual for field work and sample preparation has been produced. 

A comprehensive sampling program and procedure to produce a 

geochemical map of the project area at scale 1:250k and recommendations 

for necessary equipment and tools for effective and sustainable 

geochemical work within the DGSM will be proposed. 

Follow up geochemical surveys have been planned in selected, prospective 

areas. The implementation by the DGSM staff under supervision by GTK 

Consortium geochemists (Mikael Eklund and Robert Netshitungulwana) 

has commenced in March 2010 around the gold potential Singo granite in 

Mityana. To the end of March 2010 a total of 444 new soil samples were 

collected in the Singo granite target. During the geochemical target 

oriented surveys about 250 soil samples are planned to be collected from 

each target. 

33

Products: 


Manual for geochemical field- and sample preparation work, based on 

investigations in pilot areas is being updated. 

Target oriented sampling programme has been designed for the project 

area. 

New geochemical surveys will be reported in ArcGIS data format and as 

hard copy maps. 

3.2.3. Geophysical surveys 

Enhanced digital images form the basis for efficient use of airborne 

geophysics in geological mapping. 

Activities: 

Enhancement of the geological features by filtering, colour draping and 

enhancing the image from Blocks 1, 2, 2B, 3 and 7 (Fig. 3) has been 

completed. 

The collection of petrophysical parameters (susceptibility, density) of 

representative rock types started already during the reconnaissance survey 

in November 2008 and still continues. The parameters are measured in 

Entebbe when the rock samples are being organised prior to hand-over to 

DGSM. 

Modelling of structural elements (e.g., lineaments, folds, faults and 

fractures) has been executed using the local parameters of the magnetic 

field (direction and amplitude). 

Enhanced magnetic and radiometric images have been combined with 

satellite images and existing geological data sets (integrated images). 

Combinations of maps and their derivatives have been selected to optimize 

the interpretation of the geology in the project area. 

Lithological and structural interpretation of the airborne geophysical data 

together with radiometric data has been carried out. 

Modelling the structure for selected cross-sections has been done. 

Geological modelling of the geophysical interpretations has been carried 

out. 

Target selection and ground geophysical exploration program has been 

designed. 

Products: 

Regular grids (in Geosoft format) of airborne magnetic and radiometric 

surveys, done. 

Petrophysical database of major rock types in the mapping area, ongoing. 

Thematic maps of geophysical images combined with other data sets have 

been delivered to the Project Coordinator September 16 th 2009. 

Geological (lithological) and structural interpretation maps, done. 

Geophysical interpretation of selected anomalies and cross-sections, done. 

Target selection and ground geophysical follow-up programme compiled. 

Field work has commenced. 

34


3.2.4. Compilation of preliminary geological and mineral resources maps 

The major part of activities described previously aim to enable the successful 

completion of this task. In this report geological maps produced by remote sensing 

only are called Preliminary maps and maps checked and verified in the field are called 

Draft Final Maps. 

Activities: 

Integration of the existing geological and structural maps with other 

relevant data sets for geological interpretations has been completed for the 

whole project area. 

Revision of the geological maps by utilizing satellite images, geophysical 

data and other data stored in the DML, done. 

Identification of key areas that are considered as potential targets for 

mapping traverses, and for other selected studies, done 

Preliminary litho-stratigraphic division in major units and sub-units of 

lower rank of the Project area has been created. 

Interpretation of geological structures in the integrated images, done. 

ArcGIS files, including geology (rock types), litho-stratigraphic division 

and structural features as separate map layers produced. 

Preliminary geological and mineral resources map data prepared and 

reported. 

Products: 

Combined preliminary geological and mineral resources maps and hard 

copies for evaluation and acceptance by the Project Supervisor were 

delivered to SMMRP June 16 th , 2009. 

Mineral resources data collected from documents and files (Survey and 

Mines Departments) are being compiled into the Mineral Occurrence 

Database. The database includes metallic and industrial mineral 

occurrences as well as deposits of dimension stone and other construction 

materials such as aggregate, clay, sand, etc. Mineral resources maps will 

be created directly from the database. 

Based on the collected material, draft final mineral resource maps will be prepared 

according to the requirements of the Contract and the guidelines provided by the 

Commission for the Geological Map of the World and more specifically in the new 

Metallogenic Map of Africa. 

3.2.5. Mapping of A-4 and B areas 

The fieldwork in the A-4 and B-areas (Fig. 1) has been completed during 2009. 

Special attention was given to stratigraphic correlation between rock formations in 

separate areas and their position in the litho-stratigraphic column. Detailed structural 

and litho-stratigraphic mapping, in places supported by petrological and 

geochronological data was required to solve specific geological problems. The results 

of fieldwork will be incorporated in the Draft Final map products. 

35

Activities: 


Collection of GPS-controlled structural and lithostratigraphic field data 

and taking of digital photographs of outcrops, done in 7108 stations. 

Collection of about 6 000 rock samples at GPS-controlled locations for 

mineralogical, petrological and stratigraphic studies and for chemical 

analyses, studies is ongoing. 

After petrographic studies the labelled and recorded thin sections will be 

handed over to DGSM Petrological Laboratory for future reference. 

Study and description of GPS-controlled mineral occurrences (metallic and 

industrial minerals, dimension stones and construction materials) are 

included in the regular mapping activity. Other selected, major mineral 

occurrences have been studied and described by the mineral resource 

experts during separate field tours. 

Merging of the geology into seamless draft final geological map is 

ongoing. 

Products: 

Draft Final geological and structural maps at scale 1:250k and 1:100k for 

the Project area. 

Rock samples, thin sections, chemical assay reports. 

3.2.8. Mapping of selected 1:50k scale map sheets 

The fieldwork will be carried out on selected high priority areas for mineral resources 

from where the high resolution airborne geophysics is available and the geology has 

potential for economic mineralization. Optimal sample locations and geological 

traverses are selected based on increasing knowledge of the geology during the course 

of the Project. 

3.2.9. Petrographic, geochemical and geochronological studies 

A limited number of petrographic, litho-geochemical, mineralogical and 

geochronological studies have been conducted to solve specific structural and/or 

stratigraphic correlation problems within the Project area. The above work is to secure 

a consistent quality and uniform interpretation of the geology in the entire country. 

Activities: 

Petrographic studies on thin sections of representative rock samples (of 

200 pcs 136 done). 

Microprobe analyses of key minerals in representative rock samples (800 

pcs) 

Litho-geochemical studies of representative rock samples for, e.g., 

correlation of granitoid suites (of 200 pcs 65 done) 

Geochronologic studies of carefully selected, representative rock samples 

(of 15 pcs 6 done and 4 ongoing). 

Products: 

Thin sections to be prepared, labelled and later stored at the DGSM 

36


Petrographic description of thin sections arranged in Excel tables. 

Chemical data of analyzed minerals, organized in Excel tables 

Chemical data with major, minor and trace elements of whole rock 

samples, organized in Excel tables. 

Results of isotope dating in tables and diagrams. 

Reports “Radiometric Ages for Rock Samples from Uganda” Part I 

(30.6.2009) and Part II (30.12.2009) have been compiled by Dr Irmeli 

Mänttäri. 

3.2.10. Mineral resources mapping 

Mapping of mineral occurrences, comprising metallic and industrial minerals as well 

as construction materials and dimension stones, has been carried out coeval with the 

regular geological field verification. The GTK Consortium Mineral Resources Experts 

have focused on the economic aspects of mineralized zones and prospects identified 

during earlier project phases, or during ongoing field verification. 

Counterpart staff from the DGSM has been provided the opportunity for practical 

mineral resources studies and evaluation jointly with the GTK Consortium staff. 

Based on the data from the Mineral Resources Database, field verification will 

proceed covering the attributes defined in the Contract as follows: 

Activities: 

The exact location of mineral occurrences, including a description of 

access, using GPS is recorded. 

The exposed part of the mineralization is surveyed. 

The type of mineralization (vein-type, stratiform, disseminated, eluvial, 

placer, etc.) and major economic minerals and commodities is described. 

The degree and depth of weathering (supergene alteration) are estimated 

and described. 

The degree and extent of primary alteration (hydrothermal alteration) will 

be estimated if possible. 

Host rock stratigraphic unit and country rock lithology is described. 

Status of the mineral occurrence (for example mineral showing, smallscale 

artisanal working, active mine or abandoned mine) has been noted. 

Surface sampling for estimation of grade (base metals, precious metals, 

rare earth metals) and/or quality (industrial minerals) is ongoing. 

Quality checking of the existing data against field parameters is being 

performed. 

Data entry into the Mineral Resources Database is done continuously. 

Ranking of the top-10 metallic mineral occurrences based on the criteria in 

the Contract and subject these to integrated geological, geochemical and 

geophysical investigations to generate upgraded reports with maps at 

appropriate scale. 

Ranking of the top-15 industrial mineral occurrences based on the criteria 

in the Contract and subject the top-10 industrial mineral occurrences to 

quantitative and qualitative field and laboratory tests, including benchscale 

beneficiation studies 

37

Products: 


Prospectivity mapping methods (remote sensing, geophysics, GIS) will be 

utilized in selected areas to highlight areas of enhanced mineral potential. 

Updated mineral occurrences database and ArcGIS files for map 

production. 

Verification of the prospectivity of areas, formations and/or structures 

delineated on the maps. 

A set of digital and hard copies of draft final mineral resource maps at a 

scale of 1:250k and 1:100k of the Project area and at scale 1:50k in 

selected, high priority areas. 

Reports will be compiled on the top-15 industrial mineral occurrences with 

maps including geological setting, shape, resource (grade, tonnage and 

quality) and, if deemed having economic potential, an exploration program 

for follow-up activities. Bench-scale test results for the top-10 industrial 

mineral occurrences will be included. 

Reports on the top-10 metallic mineral occurrences with maps including 

geological setting, shape, resource (grade and tonnage), earning power, 

pay-back period, import substitution, socio-economic aspects and an 

exploration program for follow-up activities. 

3.2.11. Geological field data processing 

Concluding the results of a thorough study of the existing legends, stratigraphic 

classification and geological maps of the Project area and other relevant areas, the 

GTK Consortium has prepared a preliminary legend according to international 

standards for geological maps. 

Activities: 

Draft final lithostratigraphic classification scheme of Uganda is produced. 

It is based on a consensus met in the field by DGSM, consultant’s senior 

advisors and involved geologists during two weeks in March 2010. 

Draft final map legend and map lay-out is being designed. 

Products: 

Draft final legend for 1: 250k scale map sheets, ongoing. 

3.2.12. Draft final map products and reports 

Updating of geological maps is a continuous process during fieldwork and will be 

completed jointly by the map production team and the geologists after field mapping 

and laboratory studies. 

The draft final maps will be produced according to the requirements of the contract 

and the guidelines provided by the Commission for the Geological Map of the World 

and, more specifically, according to the new International Metallogenic Map of 

Africa. The maps will be submitted to the Project Supervisor in digital format and as 

paper copies for evaluation. 

38


Technical reports, including methodology and procedures, which have been applied in 

data processing and other activities will be prepared. Geological interpretations will 

be discussed and new geological observations and findings will be documented in 

reports. Problems encountered during the data compilation and solutions applied 

during the work will be described as well as recommendations for subsequent 

research. 

Activities: 

Processing of chemical analyses (tables and main classification diagrams). 

Treatment of mineral analyses. 

Petrographic studies. 

Products: 

A set of digital and hard copies (two each) of draft final geological and 

structural maps at scale of 1:250k and 1:100k for the entire project area 

and 1:50k for high potential areas only will be produced. The map data 

will be compatible with the GMIS. 

A set of digital and hard copies (two each) of draft final mineral resources 

maps (metallic and industrial minerals and construction materials) at scale 

of 1:250k and 1:100k for the entire project area and 1:50 covering 

favourable areas with ore potential, will be produced. 

Draft final geological notes describing the 1:250k scale geological and 

mineral resources maps. 

Problems identified in geological interpretations and considerations how to 

solve these. 

Geological observations, findings and problems, as topics for subsequent 

research. 

Reference list and review of previous studies, including the evaluation of 

the quality of the existing data. 

The information from regional geological mapping, geochemical surveys, 

airborne geophysical surveys and any other relevant information will be 

compiled to produce seamless favourability maps covering the contract 

area. 

A set of digital and hard copies (two each) of draft final geochemical maps 

at scales corresponding to the sample density will be produced. 

Report describing results of bench-scale beneficiation studies, including 

flow charts for ten best ranked industrial mineral commodities and a 

‘Manual for Field Work’ will be compiled. 

Draft final exploration programme and recommendations for follow up 

work in short-, medium- and long term will be prepared. 

3.3. PHASE III: FINAL PRODUCTS 

3.3.1. Explanation texts to geological maps 

Geological explanation texts will be written to the 1:250k scale map sheets. The 

lithostratigraphic column, including igneous, metamorphic and structural processes, in 

view of the geodynamic evolution of the area, as well as mineral potential, will be 

39


briefly described. Photographs, map drawings, tables and diagrams of mineral and 

chemical analyses will clarify the content of explanation texts. 

3.3.2. Preparation of geological and photo database and ArcGIS files 

In addition to traditional geological databases a large number of photographs taken 

from inspected outcrops will be captured in digital form in a modern photograph 

database. This makes possible to search for the photos by observation number, map 

sheet etc. Photos are also linked to ArcGIS files. 

Activities: 

Preparation of final ArcGIS files of seamless geological map data 

including litho-stratigraphic and structural layers. 

Preparation of final databases of samples for geochemical analyses, age 

determinations and observation points. 

Petrographic analyses. 

Finalizing the digital photo database. 

Products: 

ArcGIS layers of sample and geological observation points. 

ArcGIS layers of lithological polygons, structural linear and point 

elements. 

Geo-referenced ArcGIS-compatible databases of observation points and 

analyzed samples including age determinations. 

3.3.3. Preparation of mineral occurrences database 

Activities: 

Updating the mineral occurrences database with analytical results of the 

collected samples and other information resulting from field inspection. 

Finalizing the information of the mineral occurrences. 

Products: 

Geo-referenced ArcGIS compatible database of the mineral occurrences. 

3.3.4. Preparation of legend 

Activities: 

Finalizing the map legend 

Products: 

Final Legends for the geological map sheets 

40


3.3.5. Production of geological maps and observation database 

The final version of the geological map products, including map symbols, layout and 

printing of hard-copy maps will be completed during Phase III. The final mineral 

resources database and final mineral resources map products will also be completed 

during Phase III. 

Activities: 

Finalizing map symbols and lay-out. 

Printing hard copies of the 1:250k, 1:100k and selected 1:50k scale map 

sheets. 

Products: 

A digital copy in ArcGIS-compatible format of observation points. 

A digital copy in ArcGIS-compatible format of all sample points 

(geochemical analyses, geochronological data, petrographic descriptions). 

A digital copy in ArcGIS-compatible format of the final geological maps 

A set of hard copy maps of the 1:250k, 1:100k and selected 1:50k map 

sheets (one copy of each sheet), with the observation points plotted on 

geology. 

3.3.6. Production of digital map sheets 

All digital products will be provided exclusively on External Memory or DVD and 

integrated into the existing databases. Final version of products consisting of spatial 

data will be: 

In ArcGIS- and GMIS compatible format. 

Map sheets also on pdf-format ready for printing. 

Reports and other text documentation will be in pdf-formats. 

3.3.7. Final Technical Report 

The final technical report summarizes the methodologies used, activities and results of 

the different project phases, gives recommendations for the future geological and 

mineral resources surveys and defines the potential areas where follow-up work could 

be continued either by private companies or as a part of government policy. 

4. TRAINING PLAN 

Training constitutes an essential component of the Project. It will ensure the transfer 

of knowledge and skills of regional geological mapping methods and the use of 

modern digital technology. 

The main training component consists of on-the-job training during implementation of 

the Project focusing on working methods applied in geological mapping, mineral 

assessment surveys, geochemical surveys and ground geophysical surveys. The 

formal training will also focus on data processing, interpretation and map production. 

41


4.1. OBJECTIVES 

The main objective of the training is to provide DGSM staff with adequate knowledge 

and skills to conduct all successive stages required in digital geological mapping and 

map production independently after the completion of this Project. Although the 

emphasis will be on on-the-job training, the basic theoretical background of modern 

digital geological mapping and map production will also be dealt with in the course of 

the Project. Preparation of scientific papers and presentations for workshops or 

conferences is also included in training towards the end of the project. 

To optimize the transfer of knowledge and skills, the GTK Consortium will ensure the 

participation of the DGSM personnel at all stages of project implementation. The 

training program is composed of three different components: 

On-the-job training. 

Training courses and practical training at the DGSM in Entebbe 

Courses and conferences outside Uganda. 

4.2. ON-THE-JOB-TRAINING 

The on-the-job training is mainly concentrated on field activities, including training in 

data integration, interpretation and map compilation in field. Training has been given 

to four geologists at a time during the course of the project field activities. 

On-the-job training will be supported by formal courses dealing with the theories on 

which the practical applications are based. 

4.3. TRAINING COURSES IN UGANDA 

Theoretical training has been organized to ensure the transfer of information from the 

GTK Consortium to the DGSM staff and to create a productive and collaborative 

atmosphere among the Project team members, national and expatriate. 

1. Two “Geological mapping” courses including Remote sensing and GIS 

component and covering data collection, sedimentology, structural, 

metamorphic and igneous geology for DGSM geoscientists split into two lots 

for a period of two (2) weeks per lot. 

2. One “Mineral Resources Assessment” course including Remote sensing and 

GIS component and covering both metallic and industrial minerals, for 20 

selected geoscientists for a period of two (2) weeks. 

3. One “Data base management for geological mapping” covering Image 

processing, GIS Data Modelling and integration for 15 selected geoscientists 

for a period of two (2) weeks. 

4. One Geochemical Surveys course covering survey designs and data 

interpretation using multivariate statistical methods for 12 selected 

geoscientists for a period of two (2) weeks. 

5. One Ground Geophysical Surveys course covering data analysis and 

integration for 12 selected geoscientists for a period of two (2) weeks. 

42


4.4. OVERSEAS TRAINING 

Due to budgetary strains, overseas training has been allocated to the NDF component 

of the Project. During 2010 two study tours will be arranged to active exploration 

areas in South Africa. The course will be tailored by CGS for the DGSM trainees. 

Overseas training in remote sensing, image processing and interpretation was tailored 

for eight (8) DGSM staff members: James Natukuna, Deaus Katomi Muhwezi, 

Richard Kiggwe, Paul Lugoko, Peter Mawejje, Vincent Kedi, Lauben Twinomujuni 

and Annet Namboyera. 

The course was organised at ITC (Netherlands) for a period of two months in 4.1. to 

26.2.2010. The content of the course concentrated on different sophisticated 

technologies needed in exploration such as GIS, data processing and map production. 

In training the newly collected data from mapping areas was processed and utilized. 

DGSM staff members are encouraged also to participate in international conferences 

in order to integrate themselves into the international science society. Joint papers of 

DGSM and GTK Consortium geologists will be prepared and presented in 

international conferences as a synthesis of work in the project. This will create 

appropriate contact networks, which are important for the further development of the 

DGSM and the whole mining sector in Uganda. Local conferences, ideally coeval 

with the workshops, can be organized, in collaboration with the DGSM, to keep the 

geo-science community of Uganda abreast of the progress of the Project. 

4.5. UPDATED TRAINING PLAN 

The training plan presented in the Inception Report has been updated continuously in 

the quarterly reports. The formal courses required by the contract have now all been 

completed. Training proceeds in the form of field work, such as geological mapping, 

geochemical sampling and geophysical ground surveys. 

5. EQUIPMENT INVENTORY 

The DGSM plans to procure some equipment required for future field work. The lists 

annexed to the Contract (Annex 2 and 3) have been scrutinized and cost estimates of 

the equipment made by GTK Consortium and presented in the Inception Report. The 

estimate was based on contacts with some well established companies operating in 

this field (Corstore SA and Ben Meadows USA) that have probably the most 

comprehensive selection of survey items. 

Updated equipment lists, specifications and prises were presented to SMMRP officers 

for further evaluation in beginning of September. 

Regarding the equipment list in Contract Annex 3, it is obvious that most items can be 

purchased locally. However, it is proposed that the amounts of items would be 

considered carefully so that the actual needs are met. 

The revised inventory survey of equipment was carried out in two separate visits in 

Entebbe. In order to get realistic cost estimation internet was used to select feasible 

suppliers. Six international suppliers had a reasonable stock of required items. 

43


The collection of equipment in the Inception Report is fragmented and very 

inhomogeneous varying from socks to sophisticated geophysical equipments. The 

employer decided to leave out geophysical equipment at this stage. As stated in the 

Inception Report most of the items listed in Contract Annex 3 can be purchased 

locally. There are also items on Annex 2 which can be replaced with locally 

manufactured ones. A good example is aluminum storage boxes (total no 45 pcs). 

Volume of that amount of boxes is high and transportation in the sea container from 

abroad is not cost-effective. The consultant proposes to change aluminum boxes to 

locally made steel boxes. 

Manual cameras are no more present-day technology and the consultant proposes a 

digital system camera instead. Development of paper prints and negative films is 

already rare in Europe amongst professionals. The rapid development of digital 

equipment is a problem. The exact model is hard to stipulate and hope that the 

production of the selected model remains unchanged until the date of purchase. A 

purchaser should however, give an alternative option. 

The results of the survey were presented in excel format in the Annual Report. 

The necessity of some items still needs to be discussed with the employer. If one of 

Trimble’s models is selected as a “Personal Digital Assistant”, it will have a 

significant effect since prices without accessories are from USD 2000 upwards. 

Trimble has a built-in accurate GPS. 

The consultant proposes employer to analyse the need for the camping equipment 

carefully. The best knowledge of manufacturing tents for local condition is 

undoubtedly in Kenya and in South Africa. It is therefore proposed to separate these 

from the main purchase. 

As was reported the total minimum cost will remain reasonable (about 163 000 USD). 

However, transportation and handling costs, added to the service fee of the 

international purchase agent, will almost double the costs. 

The above survey gives a base for the procurement and the consultant proposes to 

divide the procedure for several tender requests. 

APPENDICES 

1. Activity schedule, Updated Gantt Chart, April 2010 

2. Training courses carried out 

3. DGSM staff involved in training 

44

Sustainable Management of Mineral Resources Project 


IDA Cr. No. 3835-UG GEOLOGICAL MAPPING, GEOCHEMICAL SURVEYS AND MINERAL 

 

 

RESOURCES ASSESSMENT IN SELECTED AREAS OF UGANDA 

Appendix 1 

ACTIVITY SCHEDULE 

ID Task Name 

1 Uganda Geological mapping, mineral resources assessment, geochemical surveys 

2 Signing of Contract 

3 Commencement date/advance payment 

4 PHASE I Data gathering and preparation 

5 Inventory of all available geodata 

6 Hard copy maps 

15 Digital data 

25 Data bases 

31 Data processing 

39 Mobilisation 

40 Preliminary field reconnaissance 

41 PHASE II Geoscientific synthesis, field work and compilation of draft maps and 

reports 

42 Analysis and synthesis of all relevant digital data 

43 Construction of preliminary lithostratigraphic database 

44 Preliminary Geological model for Project Area/Uganda 

45 SELECTED THEMATIC AIRBORNE GEOPHYSICAL MAPS 

46 PRELIMINARY GEOLOGICAL MAPS Block 1 

47 PRELIMINARY GEOLOGICAL MAPS Blocks 2,3 and 7 

48 Available geochemical maps and chemical analyses 

49 PRELIMINARY GEOCHEMICAL MAP 

50 National Geochemical Database for Project Area 

51 Field verification, geological mapping and sampling 

52 Geological Field Mapping Block 1 and Kampala 

53 Geological Field Mapping Block 2,3 and 7 

54 Mineral Resources Assessment (metallic and industrial minerals and construc 

55 Geochemical orientation survey 

56 Design ground geophysical exploration program 

57 Processing of field observations and samples 

58 Petrographic thin section analyses 

59 Lithogeochemistry 

60 Age determinations analytics, interpretation 

61 Petrophysical database 

62 Updated lithostratigraphy 

63 Updated geological model 

64 Updated Mineral Occurrence Database 

65 Plan for detailed field verification and mineral assessment 

70 DRAFT FINAL PRODUCTS 

71 FIELD VERIFICATION 

72 mapping of selected high priority areas 

73 mineral resources assessment 

74 geochemical follow up survey 

75 Geological and Mineral resources Maps 1:250k and 1:100k 

76 Follow up high priority zones 

77 Petrophysical, petrographic and age dating databases 

78 Mineral Occurrence Database 

79 Geological report to the 1:250k maps 

80 report and provisional exploration programmes 

81 integrated geological, geochemical and ground geophysical exploration 

Task 

Critical Task 

Progress 

Milestone 

Summary 

Rolled Up Task 

2009 2010 2011 

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul 

Rolled Up Critical Task 

Rolled Up Milestone 

Rolled Up Progress 

Split 

External Tasks 

Project Summary 

Group By Summary 

Deadline

Sustainable Management of Mineral Resources Project 

IDA Cr. No. 3835-UG GEOLOGICAL MAPPING, GEOCHEMICAL SURVEYS AND MINERAL 

RESOURCES ASSESSMENT IN SELECTED AREAS OF UGANDA 

ID Task Name 

82 Geochemical maps of the new surveys 

83 Procurement plan for the Geochemical Unit in DGSM 

84 Predictability/favourability maps in scale 1:250k for selected high priority areas 

85 Draft Final Products 

86 PHASE III Final Digital Products 

87 Mineral Occurrence Database 

88 Petrophysical, petrographic and age dating databases 

89 Geological and Mineral resources maps in 1:250k and 100k 

90 Geological and Mineral resources maps in 1:50k sheets for high priority zones 

91 Manual for field and laboratory procedures for study of Industrial Minerals 

92 Geological report to the 1:250k maps 

93 report including provisional exploration program 

94 bench scale benefication studies of selected IM deposits 

95 Training 

96 on-the-job training (4 trainees) 

97 on-the-job training, target follow up (6 trainees) 

98 training course outside Uganda (ITC 8 trainees 2 months, NDF) 

99 Training courses in Uganda 

100 Geological Mapping 1 


102 Mineral resources assessment, prospectivity theory 

103 Mineral resources assessment, field work 

104 Data Base Management 

105 Geochemical Surveys 

106 Geophysical Ground Surveys 

107 Reporting 

108 Inception report 

109 Quarterly Report 

110 Annual reports 

111 Annual report 2009 and Action Plan for 2010 

112 Annual report 2010 and Action Plan for 2011 

113 Final Reports 

114 Preliminary Final Report 

115 Revised Final Report 

116 Final Technical Report 

117 Deliverables 

118 Inception Report 

119 Preliminary Geological Maps 

120 Thematic Airborne Geophysical maps 

121 Database for petrophysics and age determinations 

122 Draft Final Geological maps 

123 Draft Final Mineral maps 

124 Draft Final Geochemical maps 

125 Industrial Minerals report 

126 Exploration Program 

127 Preliminary Final maps and reports 

128 Revised Final maps and reports 

Task 

Critical Task 

Progress 

Milestone 

Summary 

Rolled Up Task 

2009 2010 2011 

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul 

Rolled Up Critical Task 

Rolled Up Milestone 

Rolled Up Progress 

ACTIVITY SCHEDULE 

Split 

External Tasks 

Project Summary 

Group By Summary 

Deadline 


Quarterly Report 1/2010 

Appendix 1


Training courses carried out 

App.2. Formal training courses 

Training course 

no of 

Timing Responsible Support 

trainees length includes 

field 

Location 

organizer 

work 

GTK: Salminen, CGS: Elsenbroek, 

Entebbe, 

1 Geochemical Surveys 18–29 May 2009 

Lehto 

Netshitungalwana 

GTK: Westerhof, 

12 2 weeks x Mityana 

ITC: Woldai, Manninen, Lehto, 

Entebbe, 

2 Geological Mapping 1 1–12 June 2009 

GAF Schumann CGS:Hartzer 15 2 weeks x Jinja 

GTK: Saalmann, 

Entebbe, 

3 Geological Mapping 2 2.11 – 13.11. 2009 ITC: Woldai 

ITC:Ruitenbeek, 

Manninen, 20 2 weeks x Kiboga 

4 Date Base Management 31/8 – 11.9. 2009 

Carranza 16 2 weeks Entebbe 

GTK:Kuivasaari, 

Entebbe, 

28.9 – 2.10. 2009, 23 – 

Pekkala, Härmä, 

Kamalenge, 

5 Mineral Resources Assessment 26.11., 30.11.2009 ITC: Carranza, 

GTK: 

Lehto 20 2 weeks 

Mubende 

Ruotoistenmäki, 

Entebbe, 

6 Ground Geophysical Surveys 30.11 – 11.12. 2009 Lehtimäki GTK: Lehto 9 2 weeks x Kamalenge 

7 Study tour / excursion 1 in SA To be organized in NDF 

8 Study tour / excursion 2 in SA To be organized in NDF 

9 

Tailor-made training, mapping 

and exploration 

4.1. – 26.2. 2010 

As NDF training 

CGS: Hartzer, 

Agenbach, 

Baglow 4 2 weeks x South-Africa 

CGS: Hartzer, 

Agenbach, 

Baglow 4 2 weeks x South-Africa 

ITC: 

Ruitenbeek, 

Barrit, 

Carranza, 

Smeth, Woldai 8 2 months x 

The 

Netherlands, 

Enchede


GEOLOGICAL MAPPING, GEOCHEMICAL SURVEYS AND MINERAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT (IDA) 

DGSM staff involved in training, Service Provider GTK Consortium 

App.3. DGSM staff in 

training 

MRA= Mineral Resources 

Assessment Course, ITC= 

Jan-Feb 2010 in Enchede 

NAME POST QUALIFICATIONS NOTES COURSES 

1. Peter Turyasingura Senior Geochemist BSc. (Hons) +3 cert. On-the-job training 4-15/3, 

22/7 – 22/8, 2009, 

geochemical sampling 15/3 Geochemical Surveys, Geological 

2. James Natukunda Senior Geologist 

(Mapping) 

3. Vincent Kato Senior Geologist (Industrial 

Minerals) 

BSc. (Hons), Dip. Educ. + 4 

cert. 

BSc. (Hons), MSc. Dip. 

(Geotherm.) + 5 cert 

2010 onwards 

On-the-job training 4-15/3, 

2009, lithostratigraphy 17- 

26/3, 2010 

On-the-job training 23-30/6, 

22/8 – 11/9, 3-20/11, 2009. 

Mineral resources March 

2010 

Mapping 1 and 2, MRA 

Database Management, Geological 

mapping 2, MRA, ITC 2 months 


Geochemical Surveys (theory) 

MRA 

4. Gabriel Data Senior Geologist (Metallic 

Minerals) 

BSc. (Hons), MSc. Min. 

Exploration + 3 cert. 

Mineral resources March 

2010 Geological Mapping 1 

5. Annet Tumwine Senior Geologist (Remote BSc. (Hons), MSc. (GIS) + 4 On-the-job training 27/3- 

Sensing) 

cert 

10/4, 22/7 – 22/8, 2009. Geochemical Surveys, Geological 

lithostratigraphy 17-26/3, Mapping 1 and 2, Database 


Management, 

6. Fred Kigereigu Senior Geologist 

BSc. (Hons), Dip. Educ., On-the-job training 27/3- 

(Petrology) 

MSc. (Petrology) + 1 cert 10/4, 2009. Geochemistry 

15/3, 2010 on Geological Mapping 1 and 2, MRA 

7. Andrew Katumwehe Geophysicist BSc. (Hons), MSc. 

(Exploration Geophysics). Ground Geophysics


8. Deus. K. Muhwezi Geochemist BSc. (Hons), Dip. Educ., 

MSc. (Geochem.) + 3 cert. 

On-the-job training 27/3- 

10/4, 2009. Geochemical 

sampling 15/3, 2010 on 

9. Edward Isabirye Geologist BSc. (Hons), MSc. (Min. 

Expl.) + 6 cert. On the job training 22/7 – 

10.Richard Kiggwe Geologist BSc. (Hons), Dip. Educ. + 1 

cert 

22/8, 21/9 – 25/9, 2009 

On-the-job training 27/3- 

10/4, 2009. Geochemical 

Geological Mapping 2, ITC 2 months 


Geochemical Surveys, Geological 

Mapping 1 and 2, Database 

Management 

sampling 15/3, 2010 on 

Geological Mapping 1, ITC 2 months 


11. Catherine Nyakecho Geologist BSc. (Hons) + 1 cert. On-the-job training 23/6– Geochemical Surveys, Geological 

22/7, 2009. Geochemical Mapping 1 and 2, Database 

sampling 15/3, 2010 on Management 

12. Isa Lugaizi Geologist BSc. (Hons), 

On-the-job training 4- 

MSc.(Geohazards) 

15/3,22/7 – 22/8, 23-26/11, 


13. Martin Ekiryagana Geologist BSc. (Hons) + 4 cert On-the-job training 4-15/3, Geological Mapping 1 and 2, 

2009 

Database Management 

14. Paul Lugoko Geologist BSc. (Hons) + 2 cert 


On-the-job training 23/6 – Mapping 1, Database Management, 

22/7, 2009 

ITC 

15. Peter Mawejje Geologist BSc. (Hons) + 7 cert. 


Mapping 1, Database Management, 

On-the-job training 14 – 25/9 MRA, ITC 

16. Henry Ngada Geologist BSc. (Hons) + 2 cert On-the-job training 22/8 – 

25/9, 2009 

17. Eriya Kahwa Geologist BSc. (Hons) + 5 

On-the-job training 30/11- Database Management, Geological 

cert 

11/12, 2009 

Mapping 2, Ground Geophysics 

18. Vincent Kedi Geologist On-the-job-training 12/10 – 

13/11, 2009 Database Management, MRA, ITC 

19. Joseph Kinyera Geophysics Data Clerk 3 

On-the-job training 30/11 – Database Management, Ground 

cert 

11/12, 2009 

Geophysics


20. Robert Macheri Geophysics Data Clerk 3 

On-the-job training 30/11 – Database Management, Ground 

cert 

11/12, 2009 

Geophysics 

21. Henry Luwemba Kasule Geologist Geochemical sampling 23/3, Database Management, Geological 

2010 on 

Mapping 2, MRA 

22. Isaac Bisaso PEPD Geophysicist BSc. 

(Hons) 

Database Management 

23. Richard Birungi Intern Officer On-the-job training 30/11- Database Management, Ground 

11/12, 2009 

Geophysics 

24. Lauben Twinomujuni Geochemist 


On-the-job training 23/6 – Mapping 1, Database Management, 

22/7, 2009 

ITC 2 months 2010 

25. Molly Bakka Male Geologist 

Geological Mapping 1 and 2, MRA 

26. Isaiah Tumwikirize Senior Geophysical Dip. Sc. Tech., PGDip. 

Technician 

(Seismology), Bachelor of 

Dev. Studies; BSc.(Hons.) 

(Geophysics) + 5 cert. Ground Geophysics 

27. Peter Oundo Ojanji Ass. Geological Officer Geological mapping 2 

28. Annet Namboyera Asst. Geological Officer Dip. Science Tech. (Physics) On-the-job training 22/8 – Geological Mapping 1, MRA, ITC 2 

+ 3 cert. 

25/9, 2009 

months 2010 

29. Freddie Muitta Geophysical Technician Certificate in El Inst. 

Database Management, Ground 

Geophysics 

30. Joseph Nyago Geophysical Technician Dip. (Physics), BSc. Tech. 

(Physics) + 3 cert. 

Ground Geophysics 

31. Marion Leku Intern Officer Geochemical sampling 15/4, 

2010 onwards Geological Mapping 2, MRA

IDA 1ST_Quarter 2010

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