The Pictorial Key to the Tarot

1.4 The Tarot In History
to notice is that in this manner was the antiquity of the Tarot generally trumpeted forth. The little books of
Etteilla are proof positive that he did not know even his own language; when in the course of time he
produced a reformed Tarot, even those who think of him tenderly admit that he spoiled its symbolism;
and in respect of antiquities he had only Court de Gebelin as his universal authority.
The cartomancists succeeded one another in the manner which I have mentioned, and of course there
were rival adepts of these less than least mysteries; but the scholarship of the subject, if it can be said to
have come into existence, reposed after all in the quarto of Court de Gebelin for something more than
sixty years. On his authority, there is very little doubt that everyone who became acquainted, by theory or
practice, by casual or special concern, with the question of Tarot cards, accepted their Egyptian character.
It is said that people are taken commonly at their own valuation, and--following as it does the line of least
resistance--the unsolicitous general mind assuredly accepts archæological pretensions in the sense of their
own daring and of those who put them forward. The first who appeared to reconsider the subject with
some presumptive titles to a hearing was the French writer Duchesne, but I am compelled to pass him
over with a mere reference, and so also some interesting researches on the general subject of playingcards
by Singer in England. The latter believed that the old Venetian game called Trappola was the
earliest European form of card-playing, that it was of Arabian origin, and that the fifty-two cards used for
the purpose derived from that region. I do not gather that any importance was ever attached to this view.
Duchesne and Singer were followed by another English writer, W. A. Chatto, who reviewed the available
facts and the cloud of speculations which had already arisen on the subject. This was in 1848, and his
work has still a kind of standard authority, but--after every allowance for a certain righteousness
attributable to the independent mind--it remains an indifferent and even a poor performance. It was,
however, characteristic in its way of the approaching middle night of the nineteenth century. Chatto
rejected the Egyptian hypothesis, but as he was at very little pains concerning it, he would scarcely be
held to displace Court de Gebelin if the latter had any firm ground beneath his hypothesis. In 1854
another French writer, Boiteau, took up the general question, maintaining the oriental origin of Tarot
cards, though without attempting to prove it. I am not certain, but I think that he is the first writer who
definitely identified them with the Gipsies; for him, however, the original Gipsy home was in India, and
Egypt did not therefore enter into his calculation.
In 1860 there arose Éliphas Lévi, a brilliant and profound illuminé whom it is impossible to accept, and
with whom it is even more impossible to dispense. There was never a mouth declaring such great things,
of all the western voices which have proclaimed or interpreted the science called occult and the doctrine
called magical. I suppose that, fundamentally speaking, he cared as much and as little as I do for the
phenomenal part, but he explained the phenomena with the assurance of one who openly regarded
charlatanry as a great means to an end, if used in a right cause. He came unto his own and his own
received him, also at his proper valuation, as a man of great learning--which he never was--and as a
revealer of all mysteries without having been received into any. I do not think that there was ever an
instance of a writer with greater gifts, after their particular kind, who put them to such indifferent uses.
After all, he was only Etteilla a second time in the flesh, endowed in his transmutation with a mouth of
gold and a wider casual knowledge. This notwithstanding, he has written the most comprehensive,
brilliant, enchanting History of Magic which has ever been drawn into writing in any language. The Tarot
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