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66 Structure and the Book ofZechariah
word. Marti, Haupt, Sellin and Meyers opt for a threefold division:
vv. 10-11, 12-13, 14-16 (17). 1 K. Elliger 2 proposes something different:
vv. lOa + 11 + 12a + 13a, 14, 15-16(17). Beuken3 has these subsections:
vv. 10-13, 14-15, and 17, with v. 16 as a later explanatory
gloss. Rignell 4 proposes a different understanding of the chapter: 2.5-
11 is the extent of the third vision, with subsections vv. 5-9 and 10-
11; 2.12-17 consists of three units: vv. 12-13, 14-15 and 16-17.
In the face of this disagreement the only safe way forward is to
treat vv. 10-17 together. In their present form, despite the diverse
material of which they are composed, vv. 10-17 form a coherent
section. An exhortation is introduced very emphatically by *in in plus
the imperative 'D^an (v. 11). The basis for this is given in v. 12,
introduced by 'D. Verse 13 follows smoothly: the phrase 'then you will
know that Yahweh of hosts has sent me' presumably refers to the same
'me' as in v. 12 (see the excursus below for the interpretation of this
passage). We find new imperatives in v. 14, which leads into an
expression of one of the central assertions of the book of Zechariah:
'dwell in the midst.. .shall be my people.' Verse 15b repeats 13b with
1'^K added. The chiasmus formed thereby is obvious. On the other
hand v. 15 speaks of the salvation of many nations rather than their
judgment, and may be due to a later redactor. 5
As stated in the introduction to this chapter, we must consider the
whole of 2.5-17, since vv. 10-17 build on vv. 5-9. It may also be
fruitful to investigate connections between this section and the first
three visions.
1. K. Marti, Das Dodekapropheton (Tubingen: Mohr [Paul Siebeck], 1904),
pp. 404-408; P. Haupt, 'The Visions of Zechariah', JBL 32 (1913), pp. 107-22;
E. Sellin, Das Zwolfprophetenbuch (Leipzeig: Deichert, 1922), pp. 469-72, 490-93
(quoted in Petitjean, Les oracles, p. 92). C.L. and E.M. Meyers argue that vv. 10-
11 expand the third vision; vv. 12-13 develop the second, and vv. 14-17 deal with
the first vision. I hope to throw some light on this suggestion below.
2. Das Buch der zwolfKleinen Propheten (Gottingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht,
1982), pp. 110-11.
3. Haggai-Sacharja, pp. 317-30.
4. Die Nachtgesichte, pp. 72-99.
5. But, as the Meyers' remark, the concept [of all the nations] also occurs in
4.14 and 6.5 (Haggai, Zechariah, p. 168). Salvation for the nations is also envisaged
in 8.22-23, although it is not expressed quite so clearly.