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4. Connections Between Sections ofZechariah 1-14 295
24. Hos. 2.25, Ezek. 37.23, Zech. 8.8, 13.8 represents a line of
tradition in which a remnant is purified and enters into a new
relationship with God (pp. 185-86). l
On 12.1-13.6
25. Prediction of victory against the nations is found (especially in
Ezek. 38-39 etc. and in proto-Zechariah in 1.14, 2.4, 8, 10-13, 16
(pp. 198-99).
26. Promises of Zechariah 1-8 were seen to be only partially fulfilled
and reinterpreted in the new situation. Many features of VV1-4
are seen in Zechariah 12ff. For example, Jerusalem is the centre of
the action; the divine fire has a part to play (2.9; 12.6); Yahweh is a
shield (2.9; 12.8); there is a close connection between outward victory
and inward cleansing (3; 5; 12.10; 13.6); restored leadership plays a
vital part (3; 4.6ff; 12.8 [house of David 'like God']). (He also
mentions the penitence of the whole community, apparently in connection
with restored leadership, 12.10ff.) (pp. 202-206).
27. ^0 can mean 'threshold' or 'sill' as well as 'goblet' or 'basin'
and is used especially of the Temple. The use of this term in 12.2,
'cup of reeling', may evoke the Temple and the idea of Yahweh being
in the midst of his people, and thus connect again with proto-
Zechariah (p. 209).
28. Isa. 28.16 'receives some re-interpretation' in Zech. 3.9 and
4.7-10. The figures in 12.2-3 are not arbitrarily chosen, and do not
refer primarily to Greek sports, but are the conscious reinterpretation
and reapplication of earlier prophetic motifs' (pp. 211-12).
29. D'nnm in nn, 12.10, recalls 4.7, "p \n )n. Both signify the
favour of God. It is best to take nn to mean the Spirit of God, rather
than a human disposition (pp. 231-34).
30. ipi in both 12.10 and 13.3 cannot be co-incidental (pp. 251-52).
On 14
31. Jerusalem is to be judged and spoil taken, a dramatic reversal of
the promise of 2.12 (D'^tf to become ^tf) (pp. 257-58).
1. Note that he treats the shepherd of 13.7-9 as bad, and as belonging with
11.15-17 (Mason, Zechariah 9-14, pp. 187-88), but 'this does not detract in general
from its connection with 12.1-13.6'.