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254 Structure and the Book ofZechariah
of fortunes' theme is noticeable. 1 Nevertheless every word here is
used differently in ch. 14 from ch. 2.
noto. See rn above.
*DJ? occurs in 2.15, 8.7 and (especially) 8.8; this is also the form in
13.9. nrn D#n mRtf occurs in the other three references in ch. 8, but
a similar idea is expressed in different words in 14.2, Din in'. In the
instances underlined above the plural is used.
*?m is used of Yahweh who 'inherits Judah', 2.16, and of the remnant
of this people: 'all these things', 8.12. ehpn noiR is found in
2.16; inmK in 9.16 is comparable, but no more; in 13.5 it refers to the
ground. Ehpn "in, 8.3, is similar to the expression in 2.16; iBhp ]U>n,
2.17, is slightly less so. Zech. 14.5 refers to the holy ones; 'Holy to
Yahweh' is the inscription on the bells, and applies also to the vessels
in the temple (14.20-21). 2 The use of iftn in 2.17 is completely
different from all the other occurrences.
TII> represents waking from sleep (4.1), 'brandishing' (9.13), blindness
(]Tf\a) (12.4), as well as 'stir into action' (2.17; 13.7; niphal and
qal respectively). The last two represent Yahweh's action, but the mode
of expression is very different. However, despite these disappointments,
there are some clear pointers.
The most striking phrase of this section is 'Then/and you shall know
that Yahweh has sent me to you' (2.13, 15; 4.9; 6.15) together with
the 'sent me' of 2.12. It is obvious that it is the final redactor of
Zechariah 1-8 who is responsible for this phrase, and that he intends
it to be noted. It is not only repeated four times, but the first two
occurrences frame the promise that Yahweh will dwell in the midst of
his people and many nations will be his people (cf. the section in
Chapter 2 above on 2.10-17).
JIDX is specially emphasized in 6.8 (twice) after being mentioned
along with the west and the south in v. 6. The north was traditionally
the place from which the enemy came, and the place of other gods. I
wonder if we are meant to notice that, in 6.10, the exiles from
1. This partly depends on how 14.1 is understood. Does it mean that Jerusalem
will get its own plunder back? The consensus view is that Jerusalem will suffer the
humiliation of seeing its enemies divide up the plunder in the city itself (Baldwin,
Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi, p. 200; Mason, Haggai, Zechariah andMalachi, 1977,
p. 124; Rudolph, Haggai, p. 234).
2. The Meyers' (Haggai, Zechariah, p. liii) put 'holy mountain' as a correspondence
between 2.17 and 8.3, but this is not strictly true.