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242 Structure and the Book ofZechariah
in is not a rare word in the Hebrew Bible, but in Zechariah it only
occurs in 1.4 (2x), 15 and 8.14, 17. The same may be said of rntf, 1.4;
3.8; 6.15 (2x); 7.11, 12 (2x), 13; 8.9, 23 only. It should be noted that
6.15 is the last verse of the whole of the second part of Zechariah 1-8;
the phrase is emphatic and comprises part of the concluding conditional
promise. The reference in 8.23 is slightly different, but it is
interesting that this also is a final verse and, like 6.15, contains a rare
reference to DTI^K. Again these occurrences give some support to conclusions
reached so far concerning the redactor of Zechariah 1-8.
Tttfpn, 1.4; 7.11. These would support our theory, even though two
isolated references are of uncertain value in themselves. They both
refer to the refusal of the Israelites of old to listen to God.
rrn only occurs in 1.5 in Zechariah 1-8, and then in 10.9, 13.3 and
14.8. There is some similarity between the first two of these: 'the
prophets, will they live for ever?' and 'their children shall live and
return'. 1 Zech. 13.3 has 'You shall not live...' which might conceivably
be related; 14.8 'living waters' is quite different. The word is not
distinctive enough to build on.
"DJ> gives us little evidence. There is some affinity between 'my
servants the prophets' (1.6) and 'my servant the Branch' (3.8), but the
other instances are different ('those who served them', 2.13; 'tiller of
the soil', 13.5). However, note once again a connection between 1.1-6
and ch. 3.
ntotf. Although a very common word, its occurrence in Zechariah is
limited, and its repetition in 1.6 has a certain emphasis. The infinitive
occurs in 1.6 and 2.4 referring to Yahweh's action in judging his
people and to the action of Yahweh's agents (the four smiths) in judging
the people's enemies. 'Make crowns', 6.11, does not seem to be
related to this. In chs. 7 and 8 the reference is to what the people have
done or are to do. In 10.1 the usage is different: 'Yahweh makes the
lightning'. It would be convenient, but also precarious, to claim that
this word also connects 1.1-6 with chs. 7-8.
Five of the next words may be taken together: ZD~I, DID, DYIK, p 1 ?
and "i^nnn. They all have to do with the two visions with horses. The
first two occur in Zechariah 9-14, all in relation to battle in some
way. n^d, in 9.11, means 'set free'.
IDO is a common verb, but its use here is restricted in certain ways:
1. It does not seem to have been picked up by other commentators.