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3. The Structure of Individual Sections of Zechariah 159
Dl^ttf ought to be significant: v. 10 'there was no peace from
enemies'; v. 12 has 'seed of peace' which perhaps should be
emended, 1 although its general import is clear as it is; v. 16 has 'truth
and judgment of peace (you shall) judge in your gate'. Perhaps 'truth'
has arisen by dittography; v. 19 has 'love truth and peace'. The
variety of usage here makes it difficult to connect these instances.
in, vv. 10, 16-17. See above under tf'K.
rnvr, 8.13,15,19, always occurs with n»a. Note also mrr in 8.23.
IRTD "?R, 8.13, 15, is a traditional word of assurance. Combined
with prn it reminds the reader especially of Joshua 1, which is particularly
appropriate in v. 13 after irehR. We shall plot it, although the
relation between the two references is not obvious.
DDT is used only twice with contrasting verbs inn 1 ? and Ton 1 ?, thus
unifying vv. 14-15.
3nK, 8.17, 19, only occurs elsewhere in Zechariah in 13.6. In v. 17,
'love no false oath' comes at the end of an exhortation and warning,
and immediately before 'all these things (which?) I hate'. In v. 19 the
final phrase is a command to 'love truth and peace', two important
words from the preceding sections (7.9; 8.8, 10, 12, 16).
•pn is concentrated in v. 21 (##1,7,8,17) and occurs also at 23.#19.
There is no doubt that the word is central to the thought of these final
verses; -p^n ro^] expresses a long term commitment to worship at
Jerusalem; the repeated ro 1 ?] in v. 23 confirms the emphasis.
Nevertheless there is no clear structuring purpose. It does not occur
in 7.2 which is marked out as a parallel to vv. 21-22 by
mrr '2S n« m'pn 1 ?. There is a virtual inclusio in v. 21.
firm may be ignored. We note simply the concern of the writer with
what goes on between people within the land; cf. expressions with in
and FIR.
0pa, vv. 21.#13, 22.#6, occurs as part of the phrase mrr n« tfpn 1 ?
nton, which is framed by mrr »]S rm m^n^i. Whether this is an
intended chiasmus or not, it is a striking one. The centre would be
1. Petersen translates, 'Indeed, there shall be a sowing of peace' (Haggai and
Zechariah, p. 304), and comments: 'The metaphor suggests that it will happen
slowly and require patience, just as does the maturation of seeds in a field' (p. 307).
The problem is that the noun clause is apparently incomplete. Rudolph adds Ditfn after
abti and translates: 'Ja, "seither" gibt es die gliickhafte Aussaat. ..' (Haggai,
pp. 141-43). This is conjectural but cannot be too far from what is meant. For a full
discussion see Petitjean, Les oracles, pp. 395-401.