A quick reference guide to haemofiltration and renal failure March ...

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The kidneys, with their approximate one million nephrons, are responsible for the filtration of blood and the subsequent formation of urine. In addition, they contribute to homeostasis by; • Regulating blood ionic composition (sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and phosphate ions) • Maintaining blood osmolarity (through regulation of water and solute loss in urine) • Regulating blood volume (conservation or elimination of water) • Regulating blood pressure (activation of the renin-angiotensin system and renal vasoconstriction) • Regulation of blood pH (retention of bicarbonate ions {HCO3-} or excretion of hydrogen ions {H+} (Tortora and Grabowski, 2000:914-915) 4
Glomerular Filtration; blood flows through the afferent arteriole into the glomerular capsule. It is here that water and most solutes in plasma pass from blood across the wall of the glomerular capillaries into the glomerular capsule. Blood leaves the capsule via the efferent arteriole. Tubular Reabsorption; this system returns most of the filtered water and many of the filtered solutes back to the blood. In fact about 99% of the approximate 180 liters of filtrate is returned to the blood stream. Solutes that are reabsorbed, both actively and passively include glucose, amino acids, urea and ions such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl+, HCO3- and phosphate. Tubular Secretion; as fluid moves along the tubule and through the collecting duct, waste products, (such as excess ions and drugs) are added into the fluid. Tortora and Grabowski, 2000:924) (Tortora and Grabowski, 2000:914-915) 5
Page 1 and 2: A quick reference guide to haemofil
Page 3: Acute renal failure (ARF) is a comm
Page 7 and 8: CRRT, or continuous renal replaceme
Page 9 and 10: CVVHF Continuous Veno-Venous Haemof
Page 11 and 12: CVVHD Continuous Veno-Venous Haemod
Page 13 and 14: Molecules are measured in daltons (
Page 15 and 16: FILTRATION Filtration is defined as
Page 17 and 18: CONVECTION Convection is defined as
Page 19 and 20: MANIPULATION OF THESE H PRINCIPLES
Page 21 and 22: • A double lumen catheter, also k
Page 23 and 24: AIM - to prevent the filter and the
Page 25 and 26: MOST COMMONLY USED ANTICOAGULANT TH
Page 27 and 28: SALINE FLUSHES • In patients that
Page 29 and 30: There is restriction of movement of
Page 31 and 32: Bicarbonate is unstable in solution
Page 33 and 34: BASELINE OBSERVATIONS to establish
Page 35 and 36: NORMAL BLOOD VALUES Na 135 - 145 mm
Page 37 and 38: While machines involved in CRRT dif
Page 39 and 40: The Aquariius Manufactured by Edwar
Page 41 and 42: TRANSMEMBRANE PRESSURE ALARM TMP ha
Page 43 and 44: Line kinked /clamped Remove kink /
Page 45 and 46: If UF is coloured, the membrane is
Page 47: we know? American Journal of Kidney

A quick reference guide to haemofiltration and renal failure March ...

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