A quick reference guide to haemofiltration and renal failure March ...

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lood from pt – at high pressure negative pressure – countercurrent flow wastes pumped out • Blood will run at between 50 to 200 mls per hour • Dialysate will run at between 15 – 30 mls per minute • Countercurrent is applied in CVVHD and CVVHDF • Wastes are removed from the blood by diffusion and convection – water is removed by filtration. [Hawkins 2003] 18
MANIPULATION OF THESE H PRINCIPLES Diffusion is increased by; • Increasing the rate of the dialysate flow • Increasing the rate of blood flow • Using countercurrent flow • Composition of dialysate fluid to increase the concentration gradient • Increasing the surface area of the membrane Diffusion is decreased by; • Decreasing the rate of the dialysis flow • Decreasing the rate of blood flow • Dilution of the blood before the filter (pre-dilution replacement fluid) • Decreasing the area of the membrane Ultrafiltration and Convection are increased by; • An increase in positive pressure on the blood side of the circuit. This can be caused by either an increase in blood flow or an increase in the flow of pre-dilution replacement fluid. • An increase in negative pressure on the ultrafiltrate side of the membrane. 19
Page 1 and 2: A quick reference guide to haemofil
Page 3 and 4: Acute renal failure (ARF) is a comm
Page 5 and 6: Glomerular Filtration; blood flows
Page 7 and 8: CRRT, or continuous renal replaceme
Page 9 and 10: CVVHF Continuous Veno-Venous Haemof
Page 11 and 12: CVVHD Continuous Veno-Venous Haemod
Page 13 and 14: Molecules are measured in daltons (
Page 15 and 16: FILTRATION Filtration is defined as
Page 17: CONVECTION Convection is defined as
Page 21 and 22: • A double lumen catheter, also k
Page 23 and 24: AIM - to prevent the filter and the
Page 25 and 26: MOST COMMONLY USED ANTICOAGULANT TH
Page 27 and 28: SALINE FLUSHES • In patients that
Page 29 and 30: There is restriction of movement of
Page 31 and 32: Bicarbonate is unstable in solution
Page 33 and 34: BASELINE OBSERVATIONS to establish
Page 35 and 36: NORMAL BLOOD VALUES Na 135 - 145 mm
Page 37 and 38: While machines involved in CRRT dif
Page 39 and 40: The Aquariius Manufactured by Edwar
Page 41 and 42: TRANSMEMBRANE PRESSURE ALARM TMP ha
Page 43 and 44: Line kinked /clamped Remove kink /
Page 45 and 46: If UF is coloured, the membrane is
Page 47: we know? American Journal of Kidney

A quick reference guide to haemofiltration and renal failure March ...

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