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The Earth's Shifting Crust by Charles Hapgood - wire of information

The Earth's Shifting Crust by Charles Hapgood - wire of information

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Wallace describes the flora <strong>of</strong> the Miocene. He points out<br />

that in Asia and in North America this flora was composed<br />

<strong>of</strong> species that apparently required a climate similar to that<br />

<strong>of</strong> our southern states, yet it is also found in Greenland at<br />

70 N. Lat., where it contained many <strong>of</strong> the same trees that<br />

were then growing in Europe. He adds:<br />

But even farther North, in Spitsbergen, 78 and 79 N. Lat. and<br />

one <strong>of</strong> the most barren and inhospitable regions on the globe, an<br />

almost equally rich fossil flora has been discovered, including several<br />

<strong>of</strong> the Greenland species, and others peculiar, but mostly <strong>of</strong> the same<br />

genera. <strong>The</strong>re seem to be no evergreens here except coniferae, one <strong>of</strong><br />

which is identical with the swamp-cypress (Taxodium distichum) now<br />

found living in the Southern United States. <strong>The</strong>re are also eleven<br />

pines, two Libocedrus, two Sequoias, with oaks, poplars, birches,<br />

planes, limes, a hazel, an ash, and a walnut; also water lilies, pond<br />

weeds, and an Iris altogether about a hundred species <strong>of</strong> flowering<br />

plants. Even in Grinnell Land, within 8i/ degrees <strong>of</strong> the pole, a<br />

similar flora existed . . . (446:182-84).<br />

It has been necessary to dwell at length on the evidence <strong>of</strong><br />

the warm polar climates, because this is important for the<br />

discussion that follows. Too <strong>of</strong>ten, in theoretical discussions,<br />

the specific nature <strong>of</strong> the evidence tends to be lost sight <strong>of</strong>.<br />

3. Universal Temperate ClimatesA Fallacy<br />

<strong>The</strong> evidence I have presented above (and a great deal more,<br />

omitted for reasons <strong>of</strong> space) has long created a dilemma for<br />

geology. Only two practical solutions have <strong>of</strong>fered themselves.<br />

One is to shift the crust, and the other is to suggest that<br />

climatic zones like the present have not always existed. It is<br />

<strong>of</strong>ten suggested that the climates have been very mild virtu-<br />

ally from pole to pole, at certain times. <strong>The</strong> extent to which<br />

this theory is still supported is eloquent evidence <strong>of</strong> the<br />

power <strong>of</strong> the "dogma" <strong>of</strong> the permanence <strong>of</strong> the poles. When<br />

one inquires as to the evidence for the existence <strong>of</strong> such<br />

warm, moist climates, a peculiar situation is revealed. <strong>The</strong>re<br />

is no evidence except the fossil evidence that the theory is

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