43* icecaps (Cont.) EARTH'S SHIFTING CRUST 35-37; mode <strong>of</strong> movement, 263; pressures exerted <strong>by</strong>, 35 iff, 358 59; rapidity <strong>of</strong> growth, best evidence for centrifugal effect as- sumption, 200; rate calculation suggested <strong>by</strong> Einstein, 391; simultaneous growth and disap- pearance, evidence for displacement <strong>of</strong> crust, 53; time element, 277, 284; and world climate, Chs. II, III, VII. See also anom- aly, centrifugal effect, "Climatic Optimum," climate, displacements, earthquakes, ice ages, isos- tasy, isostatic adjustment, meridian <strong>of</strong> maximum thrust, poles ice sheets, compared with litho- sphere, 99; Cordilleran, 308; destroy evidence <strong>of</strong> previous glaciations, 278-79, 305; Euro- pean, entered Britain from northwest, 297-99; evidence for sunken continents, 142, 297-99; in India, 36ff; this glacier withdrew recently, 45ff; in Siberia, 255-56; in tropics, 34ff, Ch. II passim; Keewatin, 272, 308; Labradorean, 272-73, 308; mean summer temperature the decid- ing factor in growth <strong>of</strong>, 195; melting, as evidence for dis- not all placement <strong>of</strong> crust, i7iff; receding, 164; Pleistocene, not yet compensated isostatically, 162; rate <strong>of</strong> movement far slower in Antarctica than in Green- land, 170; still growing in Greenland, Baffinland, northwest U.S.A., 164-65. See also Greenland, isostasy, isostatic ad- justment, poles Ichthyosaurus, 63 "Illinoisan" glaciation, evidence for pole in western Canada, 276 Imperial Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences (Russian), 8, 244-45 impoverishment <strong>of</strong> island faunas and floras, explained, 326-27 insolation curve, 307; insufficient to cause ice age, 43 "International" and "Heiskanen" formulas for measuring isostatic adjustment, 174 intrazonal adaptation, 33335 ionium method, 41, 49-56, 271, 282, 285, 293-94; confirmed, 55; pronounced reliable <strong>by</strong> Einstein, 364; sources <strong>of</strong> error in, 55. See also cores, icecaps, radioelement dating "lowan Advance" (<strong>of</strong> Wisconsin icecap), 201 iris, 65 isolation, geographic, factor in evolution, 321, 324 isostasy, 121, 134-35* i58ff; and centrifugal effect, 365-78; and conflicting measurements <strong>of</strong> gravity data, 381; departures from, 372ff; established only at long intervals, 178; theory ques- tioned, i6<strong>of</strong>f, i72ff, 174, 175, 177, 183, 382; theory stands or falls with displacement hypothesis, 185; theory threatened <strong>by</strong> persistence <strong>of</strong> old anomalies and triaxial deformation, 182-83, 188-89. $ee anomaly, anomalies (locations), centrifugal effect, displacements, isostatic adjustment isostatic adjustment, 1590% 175, 199, 216-17, 220-21, 251, 356-57, 391; and centrifugal effects, 375ff; and displacements, 178, 198-99, 251, 255; contradictory
measurements <strong>of</strong> in Greenland, 381; "exists only in imagination," 177; extreme slowness <strong>of</strong>, 161-63; imperfect or lacking in Antarctica, 159, 160, 161; and in Scandinavia, 161; ineffective in counteracting centrifugal ef- fects <strong>of</strong> icecaps, 164; measure- ments highly doubtful, 160; a rare, exceptional condition, 178; seemingly lacking under pene- plains, 177 ivory, 228, 238-39 Jurassic, 63, 66, 72, 107, 131; coal deposits, 71 La<strong>by</strong>rinthodonts, 63 land bridges, 135(1, 139, 285, 297- 300, 305, 325-26; and evolution, 321; explained, 149 Laramide Revolution, 131 lava floods, 111, 126, 204, 207 Lepidodendron, 62 Libocedrus, 65 lignite, in Greenland, 64 lime trees, 65 lithosphere, 27-28, 99-100, 175, 352. See also asthenosphere, crust, displacements, earth- quakes, fractures "living fossils/' 320-21 lowering <strong>of</strong> temperature, worldwide, and volcanism, 42-43, 206; explained <strong>by</strong> displacement, 43; will not explain simultaneous glaciation and deglaciation, 194; will not explain Wisconsin gla- ciation, 194-95; wrongly as- sumed, 38-44 macromutation, 319 magma, 84, 153, 157, 188; and fractures <strong>of</strong> crust, 91, 96, Figs. INDEX OF SUBJECTS 433 III-VI, 119-120, 122-123; and mountain building, 98-100 magnetic field <strong>of</strong> earth, changes in, related to displacements, 33, 308 mammoth, 227, 228, 250-51, 256, 258, 261, 335; Beresovka, 8, 244- 49, 250, 253ff; diet included grasses and buttercups, 243, 246- 47, but no conifers, 248, nor typical Arctic plants, 246-47; probable cause <strong>of</strong> his death, 253-55; stomach contents ana- lyzed, 245-49; species, edibility, 239-40; frozen, 228, 240-44; in summer, 243; lacks sebaceous glands, 229; not adapted to cold, 228-32; probably same species as Indian elephant, 233; remains allegedly washed to polar islands <strong>by</strong> spring floods, 234; refuted, 235-36; source <strong>of</strong> ivory, 228; study <strong>of</strong> skin, compared with that <strong>of</strong> Indian elephant, 229; subcutaneous fat layer, 231-33; tusks dredged up from Arctic Ocean, 251 "Mankato Advance" (<strong>of</strong> Wiscon- sin icecap), 201, 211, 288 "Mankato Maximum" (high point <strong>of</strong> Mankato Advance phase <strong>of</strong> Wisconsin icecap), 201, 202, 212, 213 <strong>of</strong> ice- maps, confirming hypothesis free period in Antarctica, 52n. Mars, 126-27 mastodon, 227, 257-65, 335; diet included plants common in present-day New York State, 260, 264-65; survived ice age, 266; found in bogs and swamps, 257-58; stomach contents ana- lyzed, 257, 264 mathematics, limitation <strong>of</strong>, 378
- Page 1 and 2:
PAGES MISSING WITHIN THE BOOK ONLY
- Page 7 and 8:
Earth's Shifting Crust A Key to Som
- Page 9 and 10:
to FRED, WILLIE, PRU, and MARY G.
- Page 11 and 12:
the Earth, 116; 9. Changing Sea Lev
- Page 13 and 14:
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. I. The C
- Page 15 and 16:
FOREWORD by Albert Einstein I frequ
- Page 17 and 18:
AUTHOR'S NOTE: To the Layman and th
- Page 19 and 20:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS When it comes time
- Page 21 and 22:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 7 correspondence, a
- Page 23 and 24:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 9 lord Simpson, Maj
- Page 25 and 26:
INTRODUCTION 11 cists. The new idea
- Page 27 and 28:
INTRODUCTION 1$ the earth. They hav
- Page 29 and 30:
INTRODUCTION 15 time, a point near
- Page 31 and 32:
INTRODUCTION 1? eccentricity would,
- Page 33 and 34:
INTRODUCTION 19 first step must be
- Page 35 and 36:
INTRODUCTION 21 of displacement, to
- Page 37 and 38:
TABLE I The Geological Periods INTR
- Page 39 and 40:
PAST THEORIES OF POLAR SHIFT 25 pos
- Page 41 and 42:
PAST THEORIES OF POLAR SHIFT 2? lon
- Page 43 and 44:
PAST THEORIES OF FOLAR SHIFT 2Q gra
- Page 45 and 46:
PAST THEORIES OF BOLAR SHIFT gl of
- Page 47 and 48:
PAST THEORIES OF POLAR SHIFT gj the
- Page 49 and 50:
THEICEAGES 35 yet no theory is gene
- Page 51 and 52:
THEICEAGES 37 extended 1100 miles t
- Page 53 and 54:
THEICEAGES 39 conflict with basic p
- Page 55 and 56:
THE ICE AGES 41 or third region; bu
- Page 57 and 58:
THE ICE AGES 43 canic dust and carb
- Page 59 and 60:
THEICEAGES 45 years. To a geologist
- Page 61 and 62:
THEICEAGES 47 revelation that the l
- Page 63 and 64:
THEICEAGES 49 Recent geological lit
- Page 65 and 66:
THE ICE AGES 51 The period 133,000-
- Page 67 and 68:
THEICEAGES 53 bottom of the Ross Se
- Page 69 and 70:
THE ICE AGES 55 tween 6,000 and 4,0
- Page 71 and 72:
THE ICE AGES 57 e. It must solve th
- Page 73 and 74:
ANCIENT CLIMATES 59 can, however, b
- Page 75 and 76:
ANCIENT CLIMATES 6l directions of o
- Page 77 and 78:
ANCIENT CLIMATES 6j region: ' 'Larg
- Page 79 and 80:
Wallace describes the flora of the
- Page 81 and 82:
ANCIENT CLIMATES 67 in earlier ages
- Page 83 and 84:
ANCIENT CLIMATES 69 nian to the Eoc
- Page 85 and 86:
ANCIENT CLIMATES 71 Pauly cites ano
- Page 87 and 88:
ANCIENT CLIMATES 73 zones at the pr
- Page 89 and 90:
ANCIENT CLIMATES 75 tive tool with
- Page 91 and 92:
ANCIENT CLIMATES 77 Very possibly M
- Page 93 and 94:
IV : THE MOUNTAINS PART I. The Fold
- Page 95 and 96:
THE MOUNTAINS 8l Sierra Nevada Moun
- Page 97 and 98:
THE MOUNTAINS 8j the earth. The dou
- Page 99 and 100:
THE MOUNTAINS 87 ing. Joly attempte
- Page 101 and 102:
THE MOUNTAINS 91 ments and possibly
- Page 103 and 104:
THE MOUNTAINS 93 termine the precis
- Page 105 and 106:
THE MOUNTAINS 95 NORTH POLE POSITIO
- Page 107 and 108:
THEMOUNTAINS 97 see, fractures in a
- Page 109 and 110:
THEMOUNTAINS 99 would rise in the c
- Page 111 and 112:
THE MOUNTAINS 1O1 The amount of the
- Page 113 and 114:
THE MOUNTAINS There is still one de
- Page 115 and 116:
THE MOUNTAINS 105 The recognition w
- Page 117 and 118:
THE MOUNTAINS 107 displacement, and
- Page 119 and 120:
THE MOUNTAINS Europe was nowhere ne
- Page 121 and 122:
THE MOUNTAINS 111 PART II. Volcanis
- Page 123 and 124:
THE MOUNTAINS 11$ all the way from
- Page 125 and 126:
THE MOUNTAINS 117 of the earth. Sma
- Page 127 and 128:
THE MOUNTAINS to its present latitu
- Page 129 and 130:
ward by a shift of the whole crust,
- Page 131 and 132:
THE MOUNTAINS 12$ crust, and these
- Page 133 and 134:
THE MOUNTAINS 125 It follows that w
- Page 135 and 136:
In another place he says: THE MOUNT
- Page 137 and 138:
THE MOUNTAINS 12Q plete. It has bee
- Page 139 and 140:
THE MOUNTAINS 1J1 much more continu
- Page 141 and 142:
CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 1J3 avo
- Page 143 and 144:
CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 135 ref
- Page 145 and 146:
CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 137 dee
- Page 147 and 148:
CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 13 feel
- Page 149 and 150:
CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 141 It
- Page 151 and 152:
CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 143 and
- Page 153 and 154:
CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 145 one
- Page 155 and 156:
CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 147 reg
- Page 157 and 158:
CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 149 the
- Page 159 and 160:
CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 15! com
- Page 161 and 162:
CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 153 cha
- Page 163 and 164:
CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 155 Fig
- Page 165 and 166:
CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 157 It
- Page 167 and 168:
THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 159 ance and
- Page 169 and 170:
THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH l6l to yield
- Page 171 and 172:
THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 163 ment wit
- Page 173 and 174:
THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 165 ing gene
- Page 175 and 176:
THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 167 of water
- Page 177 and 178:
THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 169 as winte
- Page 179 and 180:
THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 171 the flow
- Page 181 and 182:
THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 173 the crus
- Page 183 and 184:
THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 175 lithosph
- Page 185 and 186:
THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 177 gravitat
- Page 187 and 188:
THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 179 distorti
- Page 189 and 190:
THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH l8l is a dev
- Page 191 and 192:
THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 183 supposes
- Page 193 and 194:
THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 185 justment
- Page 195 and 196:
THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 187 siderabl
- Page 197 and 198:
: his : rock It is not easy to reco
- Page 199 and 200:
THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 1Q1 I have n
- Page 201 and 202:
VII : NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE In
- Page 203 and 204:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE he could
- Page 205 and 206:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 1Q7 An ei
- Page 207 and 208:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE than is t
- Page 209 and 210:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 2O1 gin o
- Page 211 and 212:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 2OJ Assum
- Page 213 and 214:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 205 A spe
- Page 215 and 216:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE ago (242:
- Page 217 and 218:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 2OQ think
- Page 219 and 220:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 211 facts
- Page 221 and 222:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE radiocarb
- Page 223 and 224:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 215 that
- Page 225 and 226:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 217 rebou
- Page 227 and 228:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE the meeti
- Page 229 and 230:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 221 varia
- Page 231 and 232:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 22J from
- Page 233 and 234:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 225 by th
- Page 235 and 236:
VIII : THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS When t
- Page 237 and 238:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 229 2. The Ma
- Page 239 and 240:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 231 tions fro
- Page 241 and 242:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS favorable cir
- Page 243 and 244:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS standing. The
- Page 245 and 246:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 237 it is not
- Page 247 and 248:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 239 perfect c
- Page 249 and 250:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 241 Siberian
- Page 251 and 252:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 24$ "Lovelock
- Page 253 and 254:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 245 tinguishe
- Page 255 and 256:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 247 trict. .
- Page 257 and 258:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 24Q mainly on
- Page 259 and 260:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 251 we would
- Page 261 and 262:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 253 enough du
- Page 263 and 264:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 255 following
- Page 265 and 266:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 257 this isn'
- Page 267 and 268:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 259 imbedded
- Page 269 and 270:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS g6l limestone
- Page 271 and 272:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 263 greater o
- Page 273 and 274:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 265 tected co
- Page 275 and 276:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 267 in which
- Page 277 and 278:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 269 be preser
- Page 279 and 280:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 271 are today
- Page 281 and 282:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 273
- Page 283 and 284:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 275
- Page 285 and 286:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 277
- Page 287 and 288:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 279
- Page 289 and 290:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 281
- Page 291 and 292:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 283
- Page 293 and 294:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 285
- Page 295 and 296:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 287
- Page 297 and 298:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 289
- Page 299 and 300:
SAND > POLLEN PERCENTAGE 10 20 30 4
- Page 301 and 302:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 2Q3
- Page 303 and 304:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST P-12
- Page 305 and 306:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 2Q7
- Page 307 and 308:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST teri
- Page 309 and 310:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 40 5
- Page 311 and 312:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST It a
- Page 313 and 314:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 305
- Page 315 and 316:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 307
- Page 317 and 318:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 309
- Page 319 and 320:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST Jll
- Page 321 and 322:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST the
- Page 323 and 324:
X : LIFE In the preceding chapters
- Page 325 and 326:
LIFE 317 an entirely accidental pro
- Page 327 and 328:
LIFE totally inconceivable unless i
- Page 329 and 330:
LIFE 321 to find the conditions the
- Page 331 and 332:
LIFE 323 to mean increased competit
- Page 333 and 334:
LIFE .325 lifted, the sea will with
- Page 335 and 336:
LIFE 327 continent of Asia, but als
- Page 337 and 338:
LIFE 329 reconsider it in terms of
- Page 339 and 340:
LIFE 331 could utilize it, but afte
- Page 341 and 342:
LIFE 333 species can be compared wi
- Page 343 and 344:
LIFE 335 the pre-Cambrian, and ther
- Page 345 and 346:
LIFE 337 If a species becomes extin
- Page 347 and 348:
LIFE 339 of crust displacement is q
- Page 349 and 350:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 341 will overc
- Page 351 and 352:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 343 examine wi
- Page 353 and 354:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 345 crust alon
- Page 355 and 356:
CAMPBELL S MECHANISM 347 NORTH POLE
- Page 357 and 358:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 349 wedge, whi
- Page 359 and 360:
CAMPBELLS MECHANISM 351 place to pl
- Page 361 and 362:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 353 ment sugge
- Page 363 and 364:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 355 near the e
- Page 365 and 366:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 357 more impro
- Page 367 and 368:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 359 itself, bu
- Page 369 and 370:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 361 being push
- Page 371 and 372:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 363 the earth,
- Page 373 and 374:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 365 considerab
- Page 375 and 376:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 367 tributes t
- Page 377 and 378:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 369 hoping tha
- Page 379 and 380:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 371 feet will
- Page 381 and 382:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 373 surface. A
- Page 383 and 384:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 375 as a resul
- Page 385 and 386:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 377 termined b
- Page 387 and 388:
XII : CONCLUSION i. Looking Forward
- Page 389 and 390: CONCLUSION 381 sized by Brown, that
- Page 391 and 392: CONCLUSION 383 the progressive weak
- Page 393 and 394: CONCLUSION 385 while to mention Ewi
- Page 395 and 396: CONCLUSION 387 present time are dis
- Page 397 and 398: CONCLUSION 389 Frazer, author of th
- Page 399 and 400: Dear Mr. Hapgood, APPENDIX Princeto
- Page 401 and 402: GLOSSARY ANOMALY, Positive: An exce
- Page 403 and 404: GLOSSARY 395 suit from the adaptati
- Page 405 and 406: BIBLIOGRAPHY 397 17. Bailey, Thomas
- Page 407 and 408: BIBLIOGRAPHY 399 58. Bucher, Walter
- Page 409 and 410: BIBLIOGRAPHY 4O1 98. Daly, R. A., O
- Page 411 and 412: 136. Emiliani, Cesare, personal com
- Page 413 and 414: BIBLIOGRAPHY 405 sonian Institution
- Page 415 and 416: BIBLIOGRAPHY 407 *io. Hess, H. H.,
- Page 417 and 418: BIBLIOGRAPHY 409 of the American As
- Page 419 and 420: BIBLIOGRAPHY 411 The Shifting in Po
- Page 421 and 422: BIBLIOGRAPHY 413 3i6a. Nddai, Arpad
- Page 423 and 424: BIBLIOGRAPHY 415 354. Reid, Harry F
- Page 425 and 426: BIBLIOGRAPHY 417 404. Stetson, H. C
- Page 427 and 428: BIBLIOGRAPHY 419 438. Urey, Harold
- Page 429 and 430: INDEX OF NAMES Abrons, Stanley Howa
- Page 431 and 432: Hubbert, M. King, 160 Humphreys, W.
- Page 433 and 434: INDEX OF SUBJECTS Academy of Scienc
- Page 435 and 436: continents, ancient (Brooks the- or
- Page 437 and 438: Antarctica, asthenosphere, burst- i
- Page 439: Greenland, amphibians INDEX OF SUBJ
- Page 443 and 444: ocean basins, origin unexplained, 1
- Page 445 and 446: selection pressure, mild, 318; stro