The Earth's Shifting Crust by Charles Hapgood - wire of information

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424 EARTH S SHIFTING CRUST Revelle, Roger, 33 Richter, C. F., 162-63 Roberts, Leo, 7 Routh, 369 Rowe, Mrs. Stanley, 7 Runcorn, S. K., 250 Saks, N. V., 235 Sanderson, Ivan T., 8, 230, 320 Sarton, George, 7, 21, 392 Sayles, R. W., 223 Scholander, P. F., 208 Schuchert, Charles, 80, 82, 140 Schwarzschild, M., 390 Scott, John, 7 Scott, Robert Falcon, 166-67 Scott, W. B., 64, 227-28 Sears, Paul B., 290 Seward, A. C., 63 Shackleton, Ernest, 59 Shaler, 219 Shapley, Harlow, 6, 17, 35, 368-69 Simpson, George Gaylord, 9, 315, 329> 333~3 6 337 Slichter, L. B,, u Sloss, L. L, 9, 23, 89, 115, 131 Smart, W. M., 117 Smith, Albert C., 138 Smith, Warren D., 223-24 Sonder, 106 Stokes, William Lee, 39-40, 56- 57> IS 1 Stubbs, P. H. S., 33 Stutzer, Otto, 311 Suess, Eduard, 314 Suess, H. E., 277, 300 Sukachev, V. N., 246 Sullivan, Eileen, 8 Tatel, H. E., 150 Tazieff, Haroun, 207 Termier, Pierre, 140 Thomas, Charles W., 171 Toll, Baron, 234-35 Tolmachev, I. P., 241-42, 256 Tresca, M., 190 Tuve, M. A, 150 Tyndall, John, 39 Umbgrove, J. H. F., 9, 28, 35, 60, 68, 84-85, 106-8, 120, 125, 129, 133, 138, 141, 142, 148, 156, 173, 223, 332, 35 35 8 Urey, Harold C., 11, 126, 202, 294 Urry, W. D., 49-50, 52, 195, 202, 300, 301, 364 van Camp, Robert, 6 Van Woerkom, A. J., 43 Vening Meinesz, F. A., 28, 87-88, 106-7, !73> *74> 39 2 Verrill, Mrs, A. Hyatt, 7 Volchok, H. L., 55, 271 Vorse, Mrs. Mary Heaton, 7 Wallace, Alfred Russel, 62-63, 65, 220, 310, 325, 326 Walters, M. L, 52n, Warrington, Henry, 5-6 Wegener, Alfred von, 26-31, 133, 136, 196, 386, 392 Weller, J. Marvin, 312 Willis, 138 Wilson, J. Howard, 219 Wollin, Goesta, 55 Wright, G. F., 219 Wright, W. B., 44, 52 Tanner, W. F., 198 Zeuner, 281, 282
INDEX OF SUBJECTS Academy of Sciences (Russian), 8, 244-45 adaptation, 61, 228-32, 250, 322- 23. See also mammoth adaptive radiation, 32Qff, 333ff Alaska, earlier location of pole, 2?5 33~ 8 amateurs, 3, 6 ammonites, 63 amphibians, 62, 63. And see individual species ancient maps, showing ice-free Antarctica, 52n. "Angaraland," 137 annual rings in fossilized woods, 68-69 anomalies, in Antarctica, 161, 163, 172; in Arabian Sea, 174; in Cyprus, 173; in East Indies, 173; in Great Rift Valley of Africa, 173; in Harz Mountains, 173; in Hawaiian Islands, 172, 174; in the Himalayas, 173, 176, 384; in India, 173-76; in Nero Deep, 173; in Scandinavia, 161, 174; in U.S.A., 174; negative, 162, 173- 75; positive, 175 Antarctica, coal beds in, 59; ero- sion in, 59; evidence for displacement, 54, 364; forested, 60; icecap in, larger than Wisconsin icecap, 38 iff, and see icecap, displacement, centrifugal effect; possesses folded mountains, 59; summer described, i68ff; tem- perate periods in, 50-55, 58-61, 217, 305; unglaciated, ibid.; see also Wisconsin glaciation, cores, ionium method, radioelement dating, Hudson Bay, displacement; tropical flora in, 60 anomaly, as epeirogenic uplift, 121-22; centrifugal effects of, 179-80, 373-74; from triaxial deformation, 181-82. See also uncompensated mass, icecap, displacement antelope, 233 anticlines, 88-90 anticyclonic winds, 53, 215 anti-Darwinians, 319 "Appalachia," 141 Archaeocyathidae, 59 Arctic Ocean, only age, 149 armadillos, 335 ash trees, 65 of Mesozoic asthenosphere, 14, 99-100, 185-92, 353; currents in, alleged cause of mountain building, 87; fluid- ity, 186; liquid properties, basic assumption for displacement hypothesis, 388; not sharply demarcated from lithosphere, i5off, i85ff; solidity of, refuted, 189; strength estimated from deep-focus earthquakes, 188-89; viscosity explains delay in iso- static adjustment, 179, 184; viscosity increased by pressure, i86ff. See also displacements, viscosity asymmetry of icecaps, i, i8ff, Fig. basalts, 133, 172; found on floor of Atlantic, 152. And see plateau basalts
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Earth's Shifting Crust A Key to Som
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to FRED, WILLIE, PRU, and MARY G.
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the Earth, 116; 9. Changing Sea Lev
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. I. The C
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FOREWORD by Albert Einstein I frequ
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AUTHOR'S NOTE: To the Layman and th
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS When it comes time
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 7 correspondence, a
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 9 lord Simpson, Maj
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INTRODUCTION 11 cists. The new idea
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INTRODUCTION 1$ the earth. They hav
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INTRODUCTION 15 time, a point near
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INTRODUCTION 1? eccentricity would,
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INTRODUCTION 19 first step must be
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INTRODUCTION 21 of displacement, to
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TABLE I The Geological Periods INTR
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PAST THEORIES OF POLAR SHIFT 25 pos
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PAST THEORIES OF POLAR SHIFT 2? lon
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PAST THEORIES OF FOLAR SHIFT 2Q gra
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PAST THEORIES OF BOLAR SHIFT gl of
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PAST THEORIES OF POLAR SHIFT gj the
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THEICEAGES 35 yet no theory is gene
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THEICEAGES 37 extended 1100 miles t
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THEICEAGES 39 conflict with basic p
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THE ICE AGES 41 or third region; bu
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THE ICE AGES 43 canic dust and carb
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THEICEAGES 45 years. To a geologist
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THEICEAGES 47 revelation that the l
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THEICEAGES 49 Recent geological lit
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THE ICE AGES 51 The period 133,000-
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THEICEAGES 53 bottom of the Ross Se
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THE ICE AGES 55 tween 6,000 and 4,0
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THE ICE AGES 57 e. It must solve th
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 59 can, however, b
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 6l directions of o
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 6j region: ' 'Larg
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Wallace describes the flora of the
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 67 in earlier ages
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 69 nian to the Eoc
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 71 Pauly cites ano
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 73 zones at the pr
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 75 tive tool with
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 77 Very possibly M
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IV : THE MOUNTAINS PART I. The Fold
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THE MOUNTAINS 8l Sierra Nevada Moun
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THE MOUNTAINS 8j the earth. The dou
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THE MOUNTAINS 87 ing. Joly attempte
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THE MOUNTAINS 91 ments and possibly
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THE MOUNTAINS 93 termine the precis
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THE MOUNTAINS 95 NORTH POLE POSITIO
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THEMOUNTAINS 97 see, fractures in a
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THEMOUNTAINS 99 would rise in the c
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THE MOUNTAINS 1O1 The amount of the
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THE MOUNTAINS There is still one de
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THE MOUNTAINS 105 The recognition w
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THE MOUNTAINS 107 displacement, and
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THE MOUNTAINS Europe was nowhere ne
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THE MOUNTAINS 111 PART II. Volcanis
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THE MOUNTAINS 11$ all the way from
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THE MOUNTAINS 117 of the earth. Sma
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THE MOUNTAINS to its present latitu
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ward by a shift of the whole crust,
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THE MOUNTAINS 12$ crust, and these
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THE MOUNTAINS 125 It follows that w
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In another place he says: THE MOUNT
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THE MOUNTAINS 12Q plete. It has bee
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THE MOUNTAINS 1J1 much more continu
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 1J3 avo
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 135 ref
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 137 dee
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 13 feel
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 141 It
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 143 and
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 145 one
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 147 reg
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 149 the
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 15! com
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 153 cha
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 155 Fig
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 157 It
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 159 ance and
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH l6l to yield
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 163 ment wit
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 165 ing gene
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 167 of water
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 169 as winte
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 171 the flow
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 173 the crus
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 175 lithosph
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 177 gravitat
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 179 distorti
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH l8l is a dev
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 183 supposes
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 185 justment
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 187 siderabl
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: his : rock It is not easy to reco
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 1Q1 I have n
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VII : NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE In
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE he could
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 1Q7 An ei
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE than is t
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 2O1 gin o
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 2OJ Assum
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 205 A spe
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE ago (242:
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 2OQ think
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 211 facts
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE radiocarb
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 215 that
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 217 rebou
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE the meeti
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 221 varia
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 22J from
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 225 by th
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VIII : THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS When t
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 229 2. The Ma
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 231 tions fro
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS favorable cir
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS standing. The
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 237 it is not
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 239 perfect c
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 241 Siberian
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 24$ "Lovelock
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 245 tinguishe
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 247 trict. .
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 24Q mainly on
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 251 we would
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 253 enough du
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 255 following
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 257 this isn'
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 259 imbedded
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS g6l limestone
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 263 greater o
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 265 tected co
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 267 in which
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 269 be preser
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 271 are today
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EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 273
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SAND > POLLEN PERCENTAGE 10 20 30 4
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EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 2Q3
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EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST P-12
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EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 2Q7
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EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST teri
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EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 40 5
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EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST It a
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EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST Jll
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EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST the
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X : LIFE In the preceding chapters
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LIFE 317 an entirely accidental pro
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LIFE totally inconceivable unless i
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LIFE 321 to find the conditions the
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LIFE 323 to mean increased competit
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LIFE .325 lifted, the sea will with
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LIFE 327 continent of Asia, but als
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LIFE 329 reconsider it in terms of
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LIFE 331 could utilize it, but afte
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LIFE 333 species can be compared wi
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LIFE 335 the pre-Cambrian, and ther
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LIFE 337 If a species becomes extin
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LIFE 339 of crust displacement is q
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 341 will overc
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 343 examine wi
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 345 crust alon
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CAMPBELL S MECHANISM 347 NORTH POLE
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 349 wedge, whi
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CAMPBELLS MECHANISM 351 place to pl
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 353 ment sugge
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 355 near the e
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 357 more impro
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 359 itself, bu
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 361 being push
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 363 the earth,
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 365 considerab
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 367 tributes t
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 369 hoping tha
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 371 feet will
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Page 387 and 388: XII : CONCLUSION i. Looking Forward
Page 389 and 390: CONCLUSION 381 sized by Brown, that
Page 391 and 392: CONCLUSION 383 the progressive weak
Page 393 and 394: CONCLUSION 385 while to mention Ewi
Page 395 and 396: CONCLUSION 387 present time are dis
Page 397 and 398: CONCLUSION 389 Frazer, author of th
Page 399 and 400: Dear Mr. Hapgood, APPENDIX Princeto
Page 401 and 402: GLOSSARY ANOMALY, Positive: An exce
Page 403 and 404: GLOSSARY 395 suit from the adaptati
Page 405 and 406: BIBLIOGRAPHY 397 17. Bailey, Thomas
Page 407 and 408: BIBLIOGRAPHY 399 58. Bucher, Walter
Page 409 and 410: BIBLIOGRAPHY 4O1 98. Daly, R. A., O
Page 411 and 412: 136. Emiliani, Cesare, personal com
Page 413 and 414: BIBLIOGRAPHY 405 sonian Institution
Page 415 and 416: BIBLIOGRAPHY 407 *io. Hess, H. H.,
Page 417 and 418: BIBLIOGRAPHY 409 of the American As
Page 419 and 420: BIBLIOGRAPHY 411 The Shifting in Po
Page 421 and 422: BIBLIOGRAPHY 413 3i6a. Nddai, Arpad
Page 423 and 424: BIBLIOGRAPHY 415 354. Reid, Harry F
Page 425 and 426: BIBLIOGRAPHY 417 404. Stetson, H. C
Page 427 and 428: BIBLIOGRAPHY 419 438. Urey, Harold
Page 429 and 430: INDEX OF NAMES Abrons, Stanley Howa
Page 431: Hubbert, M. King, 160 Humphreys, W.
Page 435 and 436: continents, ancient (Brooks the- or
Page 437 and 438: Antarctica, asthenosphere, burst- i
Page 439 and 440: Greenland, amphibians INDEX OF SUBJ
Page 441 and 442: measurements of in Greenland, 381;
Page 443 and 444: ocean basins, origin unexplained, 1
Page 445 and 446: selection pressure, mild, 318; stro
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