The Earth's Shifting Crust by Charles Hapgood - wire of information

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306 EARTH'S SHIFTING CRUST Fig. XI. Lithology of Core Samples, Ross Sea, Antarctica
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 307 A small amount of additional evidence for our assumed sequence of climates in Alaska has come to light. Our assumptions call for a frigid climate in Alaska down to about 75,000 years ago, with a warming of the climate coinciding with the refrigeration of the Atlantic as the polar position migrated to Greenland. Then, about 25,000 or 30,000 years ago, the climate was refrigerated (later than in eastern North Amer- ica) as a consequence of the advance of the Wisconsin ice sheet. Karlstrom (247) has shown through radiocarbon dating that the oldest glacial stage of the Wisconsin glacial period in Alaska began not earlier than the Farmdale Advance in Ohio, 25,000 years ago, and not later than 19,000 years ago. This is in accord with our supposition that the glacial climate advanced from the east. Before this Alaskan glacial back an un- stage, Karlstrom has an interglacial extending certain distance. This, obviously, is, in terms of current theory, in disaccord with the contemporary climatic trends in the Atlantic. Before the interglacial period Karlstrom notes evidence of a glaciation that he considers to be pre- Wisconsin but post-Illinoisan. Since this glaciation was be- yond the range of the radiocarbon method, he had to depend upon the assumption of climatic control by the solar insola- tion curve in order to estimate its date. He estimates that this older glaciation was at least 47,000 but not more than 87,000 years ago. Presumably these dates mark the estimated time of the end of the glaciation. Even though his basis of calculation may not seem acceptable (for reasons already disaccord with cussed), it is plain that his date is in pretty good our date for the Alaskan pole. No doubt it is based in part on a lot of stratigraphic studies that prove the antiquity of the glaciation, and at the same time show that it is younger than the Illinoisan ice age. This climatic reconstruction throws an interesting light on a forgotten item of paleontological research that I chanced upon in the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections for 1913. It was entitled "Notice of the Occurrence of a Pleistocene
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PAGES MISSING WITHIN THE BOOK ONLY
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Earth's Shifting Crust A Key to Som
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to FRED, WILLIE, PRU, and MARY G.
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the Earth, 116; 9. Changing Sea Lev
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. I. The C
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FOREWORD by Albert Einstein I frequ
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AUTHOR'S NOTE: To the Layman and th
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS When it comes time
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 7 correspondence, a
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 9 lord Simpson, Maj
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INTRODUCTION 11 cists. The new idea
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INTRODUCTION 1$ the earth. They hav
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INTRODUCTION 15 time, a point near
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INTRODUCTION 1? eccentricity would,
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INTRODUCTION 19 first step must be
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INTRODUCTION 21 of displacement, to
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TABLE I The Geological Periods INTR
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PAST THEORIES OF POLAR SHIFT 25 pos
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PAST THEORIES OF POLAR SHIFT 2? lon
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PAST THEORIES OF FOLAR SHIFT 2Q gra
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PAST THEORIES OF BOLAR SHIFT gl of
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PAST THEORIES OF POLAR SHIFT gj the
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THEICEAGES 35 yet no theory is gene
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THEICEAGES 37 extended 1100 miles t
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THEICEAGES 39 conflict with basic p
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THE ICE AGES 41 or third region; bu
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THE ICE AGES 43 canic dust and carb
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THEICEAGES 45 years. To a geologist
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THEICEAGES 47 revelation that the l
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THEICEAGES 49 Recent geological lit
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THE ICE AGES 51 The period 133,000-
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THEICEAGES 53 bottom of the Ross Se
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THE ICE AGES 55 tween 6,000 and 4,0
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THE ICE AGES 57 e. It must solve th
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 59 can, however, b
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 6l directions of o
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 6j region: ' 'Larg
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Wallace describes the flora of the
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 67 in earlier ages
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 69 nian to the Eoc
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 71 Pauly cites ano
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 73 zones at the pr
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 75 tive tool with
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 77 Very possibly M
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IV : THE MOUNTAINS PART I. The Fold
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THE MOUNTAINS 8l Sierra Nevada Moun
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THE MOUNTAINS 8j the earth. The dou
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THE MOUNTAINS 87 ing. Joly attempte
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THE MOUNTAINS 91 ments and possibly
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THE MOUNTAINS 93 termine the precis
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THE MOUNTAINS 95 NORTH POLE POSITIO
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THEMOUNTAINS 97 see, fractures in a
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THEMOUNTAINS 99 would rise in the c
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THE MOUNTAINS 1O1 The amount of the
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THE MOUNTAINS There is still one de
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THE MOUNTAINS 105 The recognition w
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THE MOUNTAINS 107 displacement, and
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THE MOUNTAINS Europe was nowhere ne
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THE MOUNTAINS 111 PART II. Volcanis
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THE MOUNTAINS 11$ all the way from
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THE MOUNTAINS 117 of the earth. Sma
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THE MOUNTAINS to its present latitu
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ward by a shift of the whole crust,
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THE MOUNTAINS 12$ crust, and these
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THE MOUNTAINS 125 It follows that w
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In another place he says: THE MOUNT
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THE MOUNTAINS 12Q plete. It has bee
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THE MOUNTAINS 1J1 much more continu
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 1J3 avo
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 135 ref
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 137 dee
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 13 feel
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 141 It
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 143 and
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 145 one
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 147 reg
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 149 the
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 15! com
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 153 cha
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 155 Fig
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 157 It
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 159 ance and
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH l6l to yield
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 163 ment wit
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 165 ing gene
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 167 of water
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 169 as winte
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 171 the flow
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 173 the crus
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 175 lithosph
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 177 gravitat
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 179 distorti
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH l8l is a dev
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 183 supposes
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 185 justment
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 187 siderabl
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: his : rock It is not easy to reco
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 1Q1 I have n
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VII : NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE In
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE he could
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 1Q7 An ei
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE than is t
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 2O1 gin o
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 2OJ Assum
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 205 A spe
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE ago (242:
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 2OQ think
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 211 facts
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE radiocarb
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 215 that
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 217 rebou
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE the meeti
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 221 varia
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 22J from
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 225 by th
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VIII : THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS When t
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 229 2. The Ma
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 231 tions fro
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS favorable cir
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS standing. The
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 237 it is not
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 239 perfect c
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 241 Siberian
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 24$ "Lovelock
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 245 tinguishe
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 247 trict. .
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 24Q mainly on
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 251 we would
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 253 enough du
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Page 299 and 300: SAND > POLLEN PERCENTAGE 10 20 30 4
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Page 307 and 308: EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST teri
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Page 311 and 312: EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST It a
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Page 319 and 320: EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST Jll
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Page 323 and 324: X : LIFE In the preceding chapters
Page 325 and 326: LIFE 317 an entirely accidental pro
Page 327 and 328: LIFE totally inconceivable unless i
Page 329 and 330: LIFE 321 to find the conditions the
Page 331 and 332: LIFE 323 to mean increased competit
Page 333 and 334: LIFE .325 lifted, the sea will with
Page 335 and 336: LIFE 327 continent of Asia, but als
Page 337 and 338: LIFE 329 reconsider it in terms of
Page 339 and 340: LIFE 331 could utilize it, but afte
Page 341 and 342: LIFE 333 species can be compared wi
Page 343 and 344: LIFE 335 the pre-Cambrian, and ther
Page 345 and 346: LIFE 337 If a species becomes extin
Page 347 and 348: LIFE 339 of crust displacement is q
Page 349 and 350: CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 341 will overc
Page 351 and 352: CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 343 examine wi
Page 353 and 354: CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 345 crust alon
Page 355 and 356: CAMPBELL S MECHANISM 347 NORTH POLE
Page 357 and 358: CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 349 wedge, whi
Page 359 and 360: CAMPBELLS MECHANISM 351 place to pl
Page 361 and 362: CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 353 ment sugge
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 357 more impro
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 359 itself, bu
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 361 being push
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 363 the earth,
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 365 considerab
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 367 tributes t
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 369 hoping tha
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 371 feet will
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 373 surface. A
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 375 as a resul
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CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 377 termined b
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XII : CONCLUSION i. Looking Forward
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CONCLUSION 381 sized by Brown, that
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CONCLUSION 383 the progressive weak
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CONCLUSION 385 while to mention Ewi
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CONCLUSION 387 present time are dis
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CONCLUSION 389 Frazer, author of th
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Dear Mr. Hapgood, APPENDIX Princeto
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GLOSSARY ANOMALY, Positive: An exce
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GLOSSARY 395 suit from the adaptati
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 397 17. Bailey, Thomas
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 399 58. Bucher, Walter
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 4O1 98. Daly, R. A., O
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136. Emiliani, Cesare, personal com
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 405 sonian Institution
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 407 *io. Hess, H. H.,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 409 of the American As
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 411 The Shifting in Po
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 413 3i6a. Nddai, Arpad
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 415 354. Reid, Harry F
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 417 404. Stetson, H. C
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 419 438. Urey, Harold
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INDEX OF NAMES Abrons, Stanley Howa
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Hubbert, M. King, 160 Humphreys, W.
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INDEX OF SUBJECTS Academy of Scienc
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continents, ancient (Brooks the- or
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Antarctica, asthenosphere, burst- i
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Greenland, amphibians INDEX OF SUBJ
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measurements of in Greenland, 381;
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ocean basins, origin unexplained, 1
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selection pressure, mild, 318; stro
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