The Earth's Shifting Crust by Charles Hapgood - wire of information

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8 EARTH'S SHIFTING CRUST provided needed moral support. I am equally indebted to Professor Barry Commoner, of Washington University, who not only read the manuscript to suggest improvements of content and style, but also helped me in the preparation of special articles for publication in the technical journals. Mr. Norman A. Jacobs, editor of the Yale Scientific Magazine, published the first of these articles. During the last year I have received enormous assistance from Mr. Ivan T. Sanderson, who, as a biologist, has read the manuscript with a critical eye for misuse of technical vocabulary and for weaknesses in I presentation. have received invaluable help from Professor J. C. Brice, of Washington University, who has criticized the whole manuscript from a geological standpoint. I am deeply indebted to my aunt, Mrs. Norman Hapgood, for the first complete translation from the Russian of the report of the Imperial Academy of Sciences on the stomach contents of the Beresovka Mammoth, to Mrs. Use Politzer for the translation from the German of Ein- stein's letter of May 3, 1953, and to Mrs. Maely Dufty for assistance with the translation of his Foreword into English. To many personal friends, in addition to those mentioned, I owe thanks for encouragement and for suggestions that often turned out to have major importance. I am indebted to John Langley Howard for his assistance with the illustration of this book, to Mr. Coburn Gilman, my editor, for his innum- erable constructive suggestions and his understanding spirit, to Mr. Stanley Abrons for his painstaking work in preparing the Glossary, and to Mr. Walter Breen for preparing the Index. In the final typing of the manuscript Miss Eileen Sullivan has had to encounter and survive difficulties and frustrations that only she and I can have an idea of. I am very gateful for her help. Grateful thanks are extended to all publishers and individ- uals who have consented to the use of selections or illustrations, and in particular to the following: Columbia University Press, for quotations from George Gay-
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 9 lord Simpson, Major Features of Evolution; Thomas Y. Crowell Co., for a passage from Frank C. Hibben, The Lost Americans; Dover Publications, Inc., for quotations from Beno Gutenberg, Internal Constitution of the Earth (paperbound, $245); W. H. Freeman 8c Co., for quotations from Krumbein and Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation; Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., for quotations from Hans Cloos, Conversa- tions With the Earth; N. V. Martinus Nijhoff's Boekhandel en Uitgeversmaatschappij, The Hague, for quotations from J. H. F. Umbgrove, The Pulse of the Earth; Prentice-Hall, Inc., for quotations from R. A. Daly, The Strength and Struc- ture of the Earth; Science, for quotations from various issues of this magazine; William Sloane Associates, Inc., for quotations from Thomas R. Henry, The White Continent (Copy- right 1950 by Thomas R. Henry); University of Chicago Press, for quotations from various issues of the Journal of Geology. Keene Teachers College, October, 1957. Charles H. Hapgood
Page 1 and 2: PAGES MISSING WITHIN THE BOOK ONLY
Page 7 and 8: Earth's Shifting Crust A Key to Som
Page 9 and 10: to FRED, WILLIE, PRU, and MARY G.
Page 11 and 12: the Earth, 116; 9. Changing Sea Lev
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. I. The C
Page 15 and 16: FOREWORD by Albert Einstein I frequ
Page 17 and 18: AUTHOR'S NOTE: To the Layman and th
Page 19 and 20: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS When it comes time
Page 21: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 7 correspondence, a
Page 25 and 26: INTRODUCTION 11 cists. The new idea
Page 27 and 28: INTRODUCTION 1$ the earth. They hav
Page 29 and 30: INTRODUCTION 15 time, a point near
Page 31 and 32: INTRODUCTION 1? eccentricity would,
Page 33 and 34: INTRODUCTION 19 first step must be
Page 35 and 36: INTRODUCTION 21 of displacement, to
Page 37 and 38: TABLE I The Geological Periods INTR
Page 39 and 40: PAST THEORIES OF POLAR SHIFT 25 pos
Page 41 and 42: PAST THEORIES OF POLAR SHIFT 2? lon
Page 43 and 44: PAST THEORIES OF FOLAR SHIFT 2Q gra
Page 45 and 46: PAST THEORIES OF BOLAR SHIFT gl of
Page 47 and 48: PAST THEORIES OF POLAR SHIFT gj the
Page 49 and 50: THEICEAGES 35 yet no theory is gene
Page 51 and 52: THEICEAGES 37 extended 1100 miles t
Page 53 and 54: THEICEAGES 39 conflict with basic p
Page 55 and 56: THE ICE AGES 41 or third region; bu
Page 57 and 58: THE ICE AGES 43 canic dust and carb
Page 59 and 60: THEICEAGES 45 years. To a geologist
Page 61 and 62: THEICEAGES 47 revelation that the l
Page 63 and 64: THEICEAGES 49 Recent geological lit
Page 65 and 66: THE ICE AGES 51 The period 133,000-
Page 67 and 68: THEICEAGES 53 bottom of the Ross Se
Page 69 and 70: THE ICE AGES 55 tween 6,000 and 4,0
Page 71 and 72: THE ICE AGES 57 e. It must solve th
Page 73 and 74:
ANCIENT CLIMATES 59 can, however, b
Page 75 and 76:
ANCIENT CLIMATES 6l directions of o
Page 77 and 78:
ANCIENT CLIMATES 6j region: ' 'Larg
Page 79 and 80:
Wallace describes the flora of the
Page 81 and 82:
ANCIENT CLIMATES 67 in earlier ages
Page 83 and 84:
ANCIENT CLIMATES 69 nian to the Eoc
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 71 Pauly cites ano
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 73 zones at the pr
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 75 tive tool with
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ANCIENT CLIMATES 77 Very possibly M
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IV : THE MOUNTAINS PART I. The Fold
Page 95 and 96:
THE MOUNTAINS 8l Sierra Nevada Moun
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THE MOUNTAINS 8j the earth. The dou
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THE MOUNTAINS 87 ing. Joly attempte
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THE MOUNTAINS 91 ments and possibly
Page 103 and 104:
THE MOUNTAINS 93 termine the precis
Page 105 and 106:
THE MOUNTAINS 95 NORTH POLE POSITIO
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THEMOUNTAINS 97 see, fractures in a
Page 109 and 110:
THEMOUNTAINS 99 would rise in the c
Page 111 and 112:
THE MOUNTAINS 1O1 The amount of the
Page 113 and 114:
THE MOUNTAINS There is still one de
Page 115 and 116:
THE MOUNTAINS 105 The recognition w
Page 117 and 118:
THE MOUNTAINS 107 displacement, and
Page 119 and 120:
THE MOUNTAINS Europe was nowhere ne
Page 121 and 122:
THE MOUNTAINS 111 PART II. Volcanis
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THE MOUNTAINS 11$ all the way from
Page 125 and 126:
THE MOUNTAINS 117 of the earth. Sma
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THE MOUNTAINS to its present latitu
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ward by a shift of the whole crust,
Page 131 and 132:
THE MOUNTAINS 12$ crust, and these
Page 133 and 134:
THE MOUNTAINS 125 It follows that w
Page 135 and 136:
In another place he says: THE MOUNT
Page 137 and 138:
THE MOUNTAINS 12Q plete. It has bee
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THE MOUNTAINS 1J1 much more continu
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 1J3 avo
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 135 ref
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 137 dee
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 13 feel
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 141 It
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 143 and
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 145 one
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 147 reg
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 149 the
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 15! com
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 153 cha
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 155 Fig
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CONTINENTS AND OCEAN BASINS 157 It
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 159 ance and
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH l6l to yield
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 163 ment wit
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 165 ing gene
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 167 of water
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 169 as winte
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 171 the flow
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 173 the crus
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 175 lithosph
Page 185 and 186:
THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 177 gravitat
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 179 distorti
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH l8l is a dev
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 183 supposes
Page 193 and 194:
THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 185 justment
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 187 siderabl
Page 197 and 198:
: his : rock It is not easy to reco
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THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH 1Q1 I have n
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VII : NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE In
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE he could
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 1Q7 An ei
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE than is t
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 2O1 gin o
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 2OJ Assum
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 205 A spe
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NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE ago (242:
Page 217 and 218:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 2OQ think
Page 219 and 220:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 211 facts
Page 221 and 222:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE radiocarb
Page 223 and 224:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 215 that
Page 225 and 226:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 217 rebou
Page 227 and 228:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE the meeti
Page 229 and 230:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 221 varia
Page 231 and 232:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 22J from
Page 233 and 234:
NORTH AMERICA AT THE POLE 225 by th
Page 235 and 236:
VIII : THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS When t
Page 237 and 238:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 229 2. The Ma
Page 239 and 240:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 231 tions fro
Page 241 and 242:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS favorable cir
Page 243 and 244:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS standing. The
Page 245 and 246:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 237 it is not
Page 247 and 248:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 239 perfect c
Page 249 and 250:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 241 Siberian
Page 251 and 252:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 24$ "Lovelock
Page 253 and 254:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 245 tinguishe
Page 255 and 256:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 247 trict. .
Page 257 and 258:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 24Q mainly on
Page 259 and 260:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 251 we would
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THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 253 enough du
Page 263 and 264:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 255 following
Page 265 and 266:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 257 this isn'
Page 267 and 268:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 259 imbedded
Page 269 and 270:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS g6l limestone
Page 271 and 272:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 263 greater o
Page 273 and 274:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 265 tected co
Page 275 and 276:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 267 in which
Page 277 and 278:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 269 be preser
Page 279 and 280:
THE GREAT EXTINCTIONS 271 are today
Page 281 and 282:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 273
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
SAND > POLLEN PERCENTAGE 10 20 30 4
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EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 2Q3
Page 303 and 304:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST P-12
Page 305 and 306:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 2Q7
Page 307 and 308:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST teri
Page 309 and 310:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST 40 5
Page 311 and 312:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST It a
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST Jll
Page 321 and 322:
EARLIER DISPLACEMENTS OF CRUST the
Page 323 and 324:
X : LIFE In the preceding chapters
Page 325 and 326:
LIFE 317 an entirely accidental pro
Page 327 and 328:
LIFE totally inconceivable unless i
Page 329 and 330:
LIFE 321 to find the conditions the
Page 331 and 332:
LIFE 323 to mean increased competit
Page 333 and 334:
LIFE .325 lifted, the sea will with
Page 335 and 336:
LIFE 327 continent of Asia, but als
Page 337 and 338:
LIFE 329 reconsider it in terms of
Page 339 and 340:
LIFE 331 could utilize it, but afte
Page 341 and 342:
LIFE 333 species can be compared wi
Page 343 and 344:
LIFE 335 the pre-Cambrian, and ther
Page 345 and 346:
LIFE 337 If a species becomes extin
Page 347 and 348:
LIFE 339 of crust displacement is q
Page 349 and 350:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 341 will overc
Page 351 and 352:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 343 examine wi
Page 353 and 354:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 345 crust alon
Page 355 and 356:
CAMPBELL S MECHANISM 347 NORTH POLE
Page 357 and 358:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 349 wedge, whi
Page 359 and 360:
CAMPBELLS MECHANISM 351 place to pl
Page 361 and 362:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 353 ment sugge
Page 363 and 364:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 355 near the e
Page 365 and 366:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 357 more impro
Page 367 and 368:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 359 itself, bu
Page 369 and 370:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 361 being push
Page 371 and 372:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 363 the earth,
Page 373 and 374:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 365 considerab
Page 375 and 376:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 367 tributes t
Page 377 and 378:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 369 hoping tha
Page 379 and 380:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 371 feet will
Page 381 and 382:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 373 surface. A
Page 383 and 384:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 375 as a resul
Page 385 and 386:
CAMPBELL'S MECHANISM 377 termined b
Page 387 and 388:
XII : CONCLUSION i. Looking Forward
Page 389 and 390:
CONCLUSION 381 sized by Brown, that
Page 391 and 392:
CONCLUSION 383 the progressive weak
Page 393 and 394:
CONCLUSION 385 while to mention Ewi
Page 395 and 396:
CONCLUSION 387 present time are dis
Page 397 and 398:
CONCLUSION 389 Frazer, author of th
Page 399 and 400:
Dear Mr. Hapgood, APPENDIX Princeto
Page 401 and 402:
GLOSSARY ANOMALY, Positive: An exce
Page 403 and 404:
GLOSSARY 395 suit from the adaptati
Page 405 and 406:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 397 17. Bailey, Thomas
Page 407 and 408:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 399 58. Bucher, Walter
Page 409 and 410:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 4O1 98. Daly, R. A., O
Page 411 and 412:
136. Emiliani, Cesare, personal com
Page 413 and 414:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 405 sonian Institution
Page 415 and 416:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 407 *io. Hess, H. H.,
Page 417 and 418:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 409 of the American As
Page 419 and 420:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 411 The Shifting in Po
Page 421 and 422:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 413 3i6a. Nddai, Arpad
Page 423 and 424:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 415 354. Reid, Harry F
Page 425 and 426:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 417 404. Stetson, H. C
Page 427 and 428:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 419 438. Urey, Harold
Page 429 and 430:
INDEX OF NAMES Abrons, Stanley Howa
Page 431 and 432:
Hubbert, M. King, 160 Humphreys, W.
Page 433 and 434:
INDEX OF SUBJECTS Academy of Scienc
Page 435 and 436:
continents, ancient (Brooks the- or
Page 437 and 438:
Antarctica, asthenosphere, burst- i
Page 439 and 440:
Greenland, amphibians INDEX OF SUBJ
Page 441 and 442:
measurements of in Greenland, 381;
Page 443 and 444:
ocean basins, origin unexplained, 1
Page 445 and 446:
selection pressure, mild, 318; stro
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