Notice of Hearing on the Application to Use Sodium Fluoroacetate ...

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educ~i zn i n 1 osses ir;iii~di 3 0 - ,-+atel;; fcl 1 -,wi n~ I 733 ~?lay nav2 Seen axri - . ,,.-- ? - starxin.; ;n ;Y:Z-~ lamb ;oiies ~382 st2zdiIy du~ln~' ih2 period sf 1080 use, and continued To rise frxn thre? co five years after the suspension <strong>of</strong> lO80 in 1972. %e norad that losses appear to have declined by from three to six percent in the past four or five years. 43. Dr. Zcoert Robel, a Pr<strong>of</strong>essor <strong>of</strong> Environmental 3iology ac Kansas Stace University and a witness for Sefender's <strong>of</strong> 'iii l dl i fz ., eT a1 . , testifi2d thaz in 1935-76 he supervised a study which focus2a cn sheep losses co premiers and olther C ~ U S ~ in S a nine-coun~ area oi south central Kansas. The producers rak'ng part in the sccciy nad SO percent <strong>of</strong> the shee? in the nine-cocnty di?3, constizuring 21 percent <strong>of</strong> the sheep in Kansas. Although the primary pLr7ose <strong>of</strong> this study was to evalua:e the effecti\fenesi <strong>of</strong> various nusbarfary ?rac;ices in reducing predation, the study reported losses zo all causes were 6.8 percent <strong>of</strong> the sheep and 7.9 percent <strong>of</strong> the lambs on an annual basis. proportion at^ cjuses <strong>of</strong> lanb deaths prior io cocking included lambing complications 74.6 percent, dogs 0.7 percent and coyotes 5.1 percent. Proportionate causes <strong>of</strong> post-docking lamb losses included disease, weather, unkno~in and other causes totaling 79.9 percent, ;vhi le predation losses were coyotes 14.9 percent and dogs 2.1 percent. Annual Icsses to predators were 0.9 percent <strong>of</strong> the stock sheep inventory and 0.9 percent <strong>of</strong> the lambs born. Of losses to gredators, coyot~s ki 1 led -- . 1 J. , ;~rcs.~i ti? ;he zl-,e2p and ai3.o p2,-;2nr <strong>of</strong> int: i amci . U G ~ S KI ; lea 24.9 percent <strong>of</strong> the sheep and 19.4 percent <strong>of</strong> the 1 ambs . These resul ~s
and 3.8 perc2nc cf In? iqvenrory J; s-? shse? on -2nd as c5 danuary ; lost to predators in Kansas in 1374 :e;or;ed by Gee, 2r a? . Only a small 7ercentage <strong>of</strong> the dead sheep and lambs were actually necropsied to determine the cause <strong>of</strong> death. Dr. Xccel, nevertheless, expressed confidence in the accuracy <strong>of</strong> the study, because cooperating ranchers reported their 1 asses on a nonth'l y basl s, thus r3d~ci il3 re1 ijnce on the prcducer's nemory. Ai thou~h i: is 1 i kely that - 2 / Kansas has a larger coyote population ihan in>/ sther sta.3 ..&, ltiith possible exception <strong>of</strong> Texas, :he !ow ?redaiisn rites are attributa31e in paryta the fact that nost :beep are main~zin2d ir fan flocks ;vhich enhanc2s insnacenent przctic.5, such as 2enning at . . , night, to rebcce or mn;:s?;e predation. Anoiher lossible r2aian ;s
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-0 UEl iTE3 STATES €ti'/ i?O!iPii
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- of the sus9ensi;
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% 5 Ir.imalz, Inc.; the United St3t
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4. Lamb Izsszs r2p0r224 k;/ Sae, zt
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?rodatisn >/el 1 4ncwn i3 enchers.
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spor~od i~si2~ exceeciln~ 10 7erz2n
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A ~~;c-lt '.". tg L;--~-
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, - attempt to Pass under cr t'ircu
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, 17 A' ~nat ihere is 2 41 reciz re
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. - indicating er~?ctivzness <stron
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- 3C. ix7ei-t tstiiccny from witnes
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have been ?srima-- ", dc $13 zii 1
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A 1 percznt reduction in l~sszs to
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4 . on his hancs and xhen S n w 3:s
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2 3 i I 43. ~ ~ Y S ~ 3f J - I Soor
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:A :- of these ~~C
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I, 3 3 obcained iron fire coycces,
Page 35 and 36: . 7 hi~her 1G60 resiaups :ban :vera
Page 37 and 38: ". 3 7 insoluble in organic solvent
Page 39 and 40: I 3 9 dr? 3n eii?t~ive 72rnad <stro
Page 41 and 42: 4 1 "i have increased rir,co 1972,
Page 43 and 44: I ilpon :uhich tk 1972 order m i 5a
Page 45 and 46: ?ffzctiveness of C
Page 47 and 48: ?roved. The lin~xed use of<
Page 49: - granted . Oated rhis 22nd day <st
Page 52 and 53: ' th respect to a? 1 a? ternati ves
Page 55 and 56: 1. a Przdaci on Loss Rates A. Sheep
Page 57 and 58: i , The Ca: n Cornmi i ~ee, her2ina
Page 59 and 60: including those to predators. Resul
Page 61 and 62: - - 1 1-- , crp?::er :>rn rne .v?cz
Page 63 and 64: . .1
Page 65 and 66: ". -. ;:;ares ire frcn Gee, 2; 2 ]
Page 67 and 68: 3 percen: in 1073 and 1975. 21s aay
Page 69 and 70: ;4r, iaryy 3g~rr?~, 3f T ~ ~ I C -
Page 71 and 72: c3yo12s lere 25.8 perceni o
Page 73 and 74: sheep flocks in Utah. Tile study (t
Page 75 and 76: predaiors anounted to 25 3erceni <s
Page 77 and 78: lost 102,800 animals (sheep and lam
Page 79 and 80: 9egartxct's Animal lanacjo Cm~roi S
Page 81 and 82: i , Adji~s~d ;ant lasszs were 7 2er
Page 83 and 84: , , znd notzd that sne icss rat2 de
Page 88 and 89: 7 Arizcna, Idaho and 12xas. He %st'
Page 90 and 91: - I , r ;I ' , 2rrtj d Snyder, a '.
Page 92 and 93: in 7 381 . 3ecausz hs did no: have
Page 94 and 95: is frc~ -1 coyotas. - I nz TCI,T~:C
Page 96 and 97: 535 lambs lcst to all causes ii7 I%
Page 98 and 99: 0 '.- 01 I-! Q I-' -0 fu I-) a x -I
Page 100 and 101: 52. +lr. Bartcn +i,artza, 3iy3ctcr
Page 102 and 103: of tne herd. Mr. B
Page 105 and 106: . ~! pastur2s and zdjaining areas.
Page 107 and 108: Cdf""- La~~2s - -. 3r 71~2 ?cisaced
Page 109 and 110: n 0 --I --1 P, 7 CD a cL) 0 a' r+ L
Page 111 and 112: 9 four in /*lay, ihr~n in dune, TNO
Page 113 and 114: . or killed in targec ?astures. ~ 7
Page 115 and 116: zttacks cn collared animals was inh
Page 117 and 118: u I , S trychn: ne (;as cans i i or
Page 119 and 120: Envi ranrnenr 3ersonnel in accordan
Page 121 and 122: , ;~fiy-sji -. ccyoies >dere caken
Page 123 and 124: 521 ectivi zy cf silch h i ',< to c
Page 125 and 126: study of the ;arz-
Page 127 and 128: , 7 1 ,,di n j - 2 ~ 1944-.L5, ~ 19
Page 129 and 130: in cnz iac.:?r thr2o pars ,\ere 13,
Page 131 and 132: an error. 1C2. Mr. Noman i. Johnson
Page 133 and 134: 52ing inaceouaie fo c~n:ro? ;oyo;e
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1 . ?rocjrarn for the 2yonlng 2e$ar
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8 I (C2Cs: and J:/ zl/alliaz?cg or
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cI~s? s=gezr.er 2s ryui a :iazs a l
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,Vai-mai i m srzdzfsrs .rers ~emove
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& - 122, sxay ;uhicn ?;la-i <strong
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the socjzl or;.zni zati33, azc!~ hj
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. e coyotss for one r?aszn or anoc5
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. -- hiding pl aczs and :.+us rlncs
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In 1975, 6.3 prc2n: 2r' C:;ICXS :-s
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8 . carcasses of s
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El 1 ins , a 2€s?arch ?sychci cgi
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in aversive cond:xic~ing and :ne ne
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-- \ 9t-cmijz in reducing jheep :cs
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1 135 zonths cf 2 ~ 2nd 2 has r~~73
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Shee? Z~$eri~enc Stasion, Zu~cis, I
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es4;ina%d ancuai food costs ar appr
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c~paci ty 32r~t :zi n? ge >:a; 12 1
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3 3ni 27 IZK~VS s2zj~n5 -,,- - - -
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lasz 40 years, frcm a h?gh
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of enfrgy in reien
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sheep shoilced a. ne? rr-xrn <stron
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12 sercspx in 1973, :ne year ' ~ i
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1 shoulc . . oe of
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- - . .. 7-- - .. I v 2. ;r. ?wer s
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that reduciflg coyoc2 gr?d?z~on ~QS
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I C r ?-. ~co, i 29 ic 52,gGC. F.7
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. . croductian ass~r~edlj Sue ~2 pe
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cr,crns. Jo 2v:zerrce cf silcn ?ur;
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, r,no,rz z-Q?~ 53 352 '32; ~5 7 y
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-. ;usper.sizn of
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in vials of 0.3 g
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1080 residues were found in a sampl
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32gl2 r3c3verea ? n 3bcu'l six ia:/
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- iil rjssues of c
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1 Senior IOX~ cciog- ST =1)r 722 '4
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.i 1 L9 co~c2ntra:i~ns of</
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.*. . fr?m a goac, sp; i !I ng ;he
Page 209 and 210:
1 133 . , r . Randall .as cre <stro
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-.ccn~roi , ';?izncers nave shown a
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and cold-weazner xonths. Se indjcat
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0 -5 i-i .n 5 5 5. 0 x < fi < J --'
Page 219 and 220:
-. 7 %its jhail be pro?arzd, sold o
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Notice of Hearing on the Application to Use Sodium Fluoroacetate ...

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