Notice of Hearing on the Application to Use Sodium Fluoroacetate ...

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the baits be placzo 3s la2 in In? =a1 l as ?raczicab:e in kze?ins with saf3ty to neat eating na~mals 2nd bjrds ar,d s3ndi tions <strong>of</strong> weati?er and travel. Sai ts were also to be removed as early in the spring as weather and travel conditions penittzd, the theory being that chjs would el imi nate exposufz to bears and other hibernating animal s. Because ai dense snow pck and otker raasons, there were ocr3sions when baits could not be renoved and desi~oyed until zarly sumer or iatsr, lflnich vras long after animals wcu:id be auz <strong>of</strong> hi bernacion. 45. Large baits were to be treatsd at the rate <strong>of</strong> 1 .5 grams <strong>of</strong> 1680 per 1Otf pounds <strong>of</strong> bait. ' by usi l;g a syri nrj? or meac pump 2nd making injecxions <strong>of</strong> the toxic sold~icn ar eveniy . - spaced interval s ~i7: ,? the meat was stil l 61a.m. 3zcaus2 bone, hide, erc., had to be deducted in derarmining the #,~eish: af he il I bai s for app1icat;cn <strong>of</strong> cha a~propria~ amount <strong>of</strong> toxic solu~ion, and because <strong>of</strong> .the field condi ti ons under lrihi ch -,he ba~ ts wer2 prepar?d, even distribution <strong>of</strong> the coxic solution in the baits !has difficult or impossible to achieve. 46. A1 1 but one witness 1,qho participated in or ~rino :das familiar with the 1080 large-bai ting program testified that the deaths <strong>of</strong> non-target species kere ninimal. Searches for target and non-tar3et animals, however, were normally conducted only at the time <strong>of</strong> disposal <strong>of</strong> the baits or the remains there<strong>of</strong> and such searches varied widely in scope and int2nsicy. The characteristic latency period after the ingestion <strong>of</strong> C~mpound 1080 makas it likely :hat a1 1 birds and animals poiscned thereby ~ould not die in the imediate vicinity <strong>of</strong> the bait. Because
:A :- <strong>of</strong> these ~~CTS~S, I I~ I , oroi~zo;e :hi; ;Tany birds 2nd animals soisane~ 8 1 --. Z!j ib~0 pier2 iie\j?r Icc-tsd 2nd a2-?~-2+ ! -;'b, -,-a. '7. The c;nient!cn hat Cczocucd !C?3 :i 2 selsc~i~s ;ciio~ Is 5a;zd in principle ?art on diifsri ng ;evels if secsizivi zy to 3.2 poiian. Carnivores are in genekal more sensitive to 1080 than orher species, while canines are considered to be especially susceptible thereto. - 6 / For example, the LDSO <strong>of</strong> 1OGO for a csyote feeding on a properly dos2d meat bait (treated at the ratr <strong>of</strong> 1.6 grms oer 100 pounds <strong>of</strong> meat) has been determined to be 0.10 ng/kg, ~hile that for a man is esrimat2d at 0.7 to 2.1 mg/kg and that for a golden sag1e rancjes frcm 1.25 to 5.00 mg/kg. -A 30-gound ioynTe hould therefor. obiain an LD50 dose by consumacion <strong>of</strong> only 1 .; ourices <strong>of</strong> bait aaterial ~reated as indicated above, while a 150-pound man m,~ould cctzin an LCcO by
Page 1 and 2: -0 UEl iTE3 STATES €ti'/ i?O!iPii
Page 3 and 4: - of the sus9ensi;
Page 5 and 6: % 5 Ir.imalz, Inc.; the United St3t
Page 7 and 8: 4. Lamb Izsszs r2p0r224 k;/ Sae, zt
Page 9 and 10: ?rodatisn >/el 1 4ncwn i3 enchers.
Page 11 and 12: spor~od i~si2~ exceeciln~ 10 7erz2n
Page 13 and 14: A ~~;c-lt '.". tg L;--~-
Page 15 and 16: , - attempt to Pass under cr t'ircu
Page 17 and 18: , 17 A' ~nat ihere is 2 41 reciz re
Page 19 and 20: . - indicating er~?ctivzness <stron
Page 21 and 22: - 3C. ix7ei-t tstiiccny from witnes
Page 23 and 24: have been ?srima-- ", dc $13 zii 1
Page 25 and 26: A 1 percznt reduction in l~sszs to
Page 27 and 28: 4 . on his hancs and xhen S n w 3:s
Page 29: 2 3 i I 43. ~ ~ Y S ~ 3f J - I Soor
Page 33 and 34: I, 3 3 obcained iron fire coycces,
Page 35 and 36: . 7 hi~her 1G60 resiaups :ban :vera
Page 37 and 38: ". 3 7 insoluble in organic solvent
Page 39 and 40: I 3 9 dr? 3n eii?t~ive 72rnad <stro
Page 41 and 42: 4 1 "i have increased rir,co 1972,
Page 43 and 44: I ilpon :uhich tk 1972 order m i 5a
Page 45 and 46: ?ffzctiveness of C
Page 47 and 48: ?roved. The lin~xed use of<
Page 49: - granted . Oated rhis 22nd day <st
Page 52 and 53: ' th respect to a? 1 a? ternati ves
Page 55 and 56: 1. a Przdaci on Loss Rates A. Sheep
Page 57 and 58: i , The Ca: n Cornmi i ~ee, her2ina
Page 59 and 60: including those to predators. Resul
Page 61 and 62: - - 1 1-- , crp?::er :>rn rne .v?cz
Page 63 and 64: . .1
Page 65 and 66: ". -. ;:;ares ire frcn Gee, 2; 2 ]
Page 67 and 68: 3 percen: in 1073 and 1975. 21s aay
Page 69 and 70: ;4r, iaryy 3g~rr?~, 3f T ~ ~ I C -
Page 71 and 72: c3yo12s lere 25.8 perceni o
Page 73 and 74: sheep flocks in Utah. Tile study (t
Page 75 and 76: predaiors anounted to 25 3erceni <s
Page 77 and 78: lost 102,800 animals (sheep and lam
Page 79 and 80: 9egartxct's Animal lanacjo Cm~roi S
Page 81 and 82:
i , Adji~s~d ;ant lasszs were 7 2er
Page 83 and 84:
, , znd notzd that sne icss rat2 de
Page 86 and 87:
educ~i zn i n 1 osses ir;iii~di 3 0
Page 88 and 89:
7 Arizcna, Idaho and 12xas. He %st'
Page 90 and 91:
- I , r ;I ' , 2rrtj d Snyder, a '.
Page 92 and 93:
in 7 381 . 3ecausz hs did no: have
Page 94 and 95:
is frc~ -1 coyotas. - I nz TCI,T~:C
Page 96 and 97:
535 lambs lcst to all causes ii7 I%
Page 98 and 99:
0 '.- 01 I-! Q I-' -0 fu I-) a x -I
Page 100 and 101:
52. +lr. Bartcn +i,artza, 3iy3ctcr
Page 102 and 103:
of tne herd. Mr. B
Page 105 and 106:
. ~! pastur2s and zdjaining areas.
Page 107 and 108:
Cdf""- La~~2s - -. 3r 71~2 ?cisaced
Page 109 and 110:
n 0 --I --1 P, 7 CD a cL) 0 a' r+ L
Page 111 and 112:
9 four in /*lay, ihr~n in dune, TNO
Page 113 and 114:
. or killed in targec ?astures. ~ 7
Page 115 and 116:
zttacks cn collared animals was inh
Page 117 and 118:
u I , S trychn: ne (;as cans i i or
Page 119 and 120:
Envi ranrnenr 3ersonnel in accordan
Page 121 and 122:
, ;~fiy-sji -. ccyoies >dere caken
Page 123 and 124:
521 ectivi zy cf silch h i ',< to c
Page 125 and 126:
study of the ;arz-
Page 127 and 128:
, 7 1 ,,di n j - 2 ~ 1944-.L5, ~ 19
Page 129 and 130:
in cnz iac.:?r thr2o pars ,\ere 13,
Page 131 and 132:
an error. 1C2. Mr. Noman i. Johnson
Page 133 and 134:
52ing inaceouaie fo c~n:ro? ;oyo;e
Page 135 and 136:
1 . ?rocjrarn for the 2yonlng 2e$ar
Page 137 and 138:
8 I (C2Cs: and J:/ zl/alliaz?cg or
Page 139 and 140:
cI~s? s=gezr.er 2s ryui a :iazs a l
Page 141 and 142:
,Vai-mai i m srzdzfsrs .rers ~emove
Page 143 and 144:
& - 122, sxay ;uhicn ?;la-i <strong
Page 145 and 146:
the socjzl or;.zni zati33, azc!~ hj
Page 147 and 148:
. e coyotss for one r?aszn or anoc5
Page 149 and 150:
. -- hiding pl aczs and :.+us rlncs
Page 151 and 152:
In 1975, 6.3 prc2n: 2r' C:;ICXS :-s
Page 153 and 154:
8 . carcasses of s
Page 155 and 156:
El 1 ins , a 2€s?arch ?sychci cgi
Page 157 and 158:
in aversive cond:xic~ing and :ne ne
Page 159 and 160:
-- \ 9t-cmijz in reducing jheep :cs
Page 161 and 162:
1 135 zonths cf 2 ~ 2nd 2 has r~~73
Page 163 and 164:
Shee? Z~$eri~enc Stasion, Zu~cis, I
Page 165 and 166:
es4;ina%d ancuai food costs ar appr
Page 167 and 168:
c~paci ty 32r~t :zi n? ge >:a; 12 1
Page 169 and 170:
3 3ni 27 IZK~VS s2zj~n5 -,,- - - -
Page 171 and 172:
lasz 40 years, frcm a h?gh
Page 173 and 174:
of enfrgy in reien
Page 175 and 176:
sheep shoilced a. ne? rr-xrn <stron
Page 177 and 178:
12 sercspx in 1973, :ne year ' ~ i
Page 179 and 180:
1 shoulc . . oe of
Page 181 and 182:
- - . .. 7-- - .. I v 2. ;r. ?wer s
Page 183 and 184:
that reduciflg coyoc2 gr?d?z~on ~QS
Page 185 and 186:
I C r ?-. ~co, i 29 ic 52,gGC. F.7
Page 187 and 188:
. . croductian ass~r~edlj Sue ~2 pe
Page 189 and 190:
cr,crns. Jo 2v:zerrce cf silcn ?ur;
Page 191 and 192:
, r,no,rz z-Q?~ 53 352 '32; ~5 7 y
Page 193 and 194:
-. ;usper.sizn of
Page 195 and 196:
in vials of 0.3 g
Page 197 and 198:
1080 residues were found in a sampl
Page 199 and 200:
32gl2 r3c3verea ? n 3bcu'l six ia:/
Page 201 and 202:
- iil rjssues of c
Page 203 and 204:
1 Senior IOX~ cciog- ST =1)r 722 '4
Page 205 and 206:
.i 1 L9 co~c2ntra:i~ns of</
Page 207 and 208:
.*. . fr?m a goac, sp; i !I ng ;he
Page 209 and 210:
1 133 . , r . Randall .as cre <stro
Page 211 and 212:
-.ccn~roi , ';?izncers nave shown a
Page 213:
and cold-weazner xonths. Se indjcat
Page 217 and 218:
0 -5 i-i .n 5 5 5. 0 x < fi < J --'
Page 219 and 220:
-. 7 %its jhail be pro?arzd, sold o
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Notice of Hearing on the Application to Use Sodium Fluoroacetate ...

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