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<strong>Additional</strong> <strong>Information</strong> <strong>submitted</strong> <strong>during</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>information</strong> <strong>exchange</strong> on Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Solid and O<strong>the</strong>rs Industry INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................VII 1 SELECTED ILLUSTRATIVE LVIC-S INDUSTRY PRODUCTS ..............................................1 1.1 Aluminium chlorides ..................................................................................................................1 1.1.1 Polyaluminium chloride ...................................................................................................1 1.1.1.1 General <strong>information</strong>..................................................................................................1 1.1.1.2 Process description ...................................................................................................2 1.1.1.2.1 Aluminium hydroxy chloride............................................................................2 1.1.1.2.2 Aluminium hydroxy chloride sulphate .............................................................2 1.1.1.3 Current consumption and emission levels ................................................................3 1.1.1.3.1 Aluminium hydroxy chloride............................................................................3 1.1.1.3.2 Aluminium hydroxy chloride sulphate .............................................................3 1.1.2 Aluminium chloride (solution) .........................................................................................4 1.1.2.1 General <strong>information</strong>..................................................................................................4 1.1.2.2 Process description ...................................................................................................4 1.1.2.3 Current consumption and emission levels ................................................................5 1.2 Aluminium sulphate....................................................................................................................6 1.2.1 General <strong>information</strong>..........................................................................................................6 1.2.1.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................6 1.2.1.2 <strong>Information</strong> on aluminium sulphate – inorganic coagulants.....................................6 1.2.2 Process description ...........................................................................................................7 1.2.3 Current consumption and emission levels ........................................................................8 1.2.3.1 Consumption of raw materials..................................................................................8 1.2.3.2 Major environmental impacts ...................................................................................8 1.3 Chromium compounds..............................................................................................................11 1.4 Ferric chloride...........................................................................................................................12 1.4.1 General <strong>information</strong>........................................................................................................12 1.4.1.1 Introduction – ferric chloride (FeCl3) .....................................................................12 1.4.1.2 Background <strong>information</strong> on ferric chloride (FeCl3)................................................12 1.4.2 Process description .........................................................................................................13 1.4.2.1 Ferric chloride solution (scrap iron + chlorine) ......................................................13 1.4.2.2 Ferric chloride solution (scrap iron + hydrochloric acid + chlorine) ......................13 1.4.2.3 Ferric chloride solution (spent FeCl2 liquor + chlorine) .........................................14 1.4.2.4 Ferric chloride solution (iron ore + hydrochloric acid)...........................................14 1.4.2.5 Ferric chloride solution (iron ore + hydrochloric acid + oxidation) .......................15 1.4.3 Current consumption and emission levels ......................................................................16 1.4.4 Special features and limiting factors...............................................................................16 1.4.5 Techniques to consider in <strong>the</strong> determination of BAT.....................................................17 1.4.6 Emerging techniques ......................................................................................................17 1.5 Potassium carbonate .................................................................................................................18 1.6 Sodium sulphate .......................................................................................................................19 1.6.1 General <strong>information</strong>........................................................................................................19 1.6.1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................19 1.6.1.2 Basic data on sodium sulphate production..............................................................19 1.6.2 Industrial processes used ................................................................................................21 1.6.2.1 Fibres process (Na2SO4 production from <strong>the</strong> viscose-fibre process) ......................21 1.6.2.2 MESSO process (from Glauber’s salt) ...................................................................22 1.6.2.3 Chromium process..................................................................................................23 1.6.2.4 Mannheim furnace process (hydrochloric acid)......................................................24 1.6.2.5 Methionine process.................................................................................................25 1.6.2.6 Formic acid process ................................................................................................27 1.6.3 Current emission and energy consumption levels ..........................................................28 1.6.4 Techniques to consider in <strong>the</strong> determination of BAT.....................................................29 1.7 Zinc chloride.............................................................................................................................31 1.8 Zinc sulphate.............................................................................................................................32 1.9 Sodium bisulphate ....................................................................................................................33
2 PURIFICATION OF NON-FERTILISER GRADE WET PHOSPHORIC ACID (PARTIAL INFORMATION) .............................................................................................................................. 1 2.1 Inorganic Phosphates – Introduction.......................................................................................... 1 2.2 Purification of non-fertiliser grade wet phosphoric acid – <strong>the</strong> options....................................... 3 REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................... 5 GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................. 9
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