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This document has not been fully peer reviewed and <strong>the</strong> <strong>information</strong> within is not validated nor endorsed by <strong>the</strong> TWG on LVIC-S or by <strong>the</strong> European Commission, it is meant for <strong>information</strong>, only 16 Chlorination tower Iron ore HCl REACTOR FILTRATION Cl 2 (g) FeCl 3 2/3 FeCl 3 , 1/3 FeCl 2 Oxydising reactor Sludge H 2 O 2 or NaClO 3 Figure 1.9: Process diagram – production of FeCl3 based on iron ore and HCl and oxidation [CEFIC-INCOPA, 2004 #112] 1.4.3 Current consumption and emission levels Consumption and emission values in <strong>the</strong> production of ferrous chloride are given in Table 1.8: Energy and water consumption Energy consumption GJ/t product 0.012 to 0.3 Water consumption m 3 /t product 0.25 to 13 Emissions to air CO2 Hydrogen Hydrogen chloride Iron Zinc Heavy metals Emission kg/t product 2 to 12 0.73 to 13 0.0007 to 0.01 Emissions to water Emission kg/t product 0.05 to 5 0.005 to 1.5
This document has not been fully peer reviewed and <strong>the</strong> <strong>information</strong> within is not validated nor endorsed by <strong>the</strong> TWG on LVIC-S or by <strong>the</strong> European Commission, it is meant for <strong>information</strong>, only 1.4.5 Techniques to consider in <strong>the</strong> determination of BAT Ferric chloride can be made by a variety of processes. This leads to a wide range of environmental performances. The process based on <strong>the</strong> use of spent acid (pickle liquor) and <strong>the</strong> process using iron ore are <strong>the</strong> most common technologies. In <strong>the</strong> case of ferric chloride, <strong>the</strong> variety of equipment used is limited as <strong>the</strong> processes are generally simple. Therefore, within a particular process, <strong>the</strong> type and <strong>the</strong> technology of a particular item of equipment (i.e a filter) can greatly affect <strong>the</strong> overall performance of <strong>the</strong> process from an environmental point of view. 1.4.6 Emerging techniques As filtration is used in almost every process, <strong>the</strong> equipment that minimises emissions to water can be considered and, if possible, included in a new plant set-up. The manufacturing of ferric chloride is exo<strong>the</strong>rmic, <strong>the</strong>refore heat recovery options can be examined and, if possible, included in a new process scheme. Emissions to air can be controlled via a scrubbing technique. An area for future research and development would be <strong>the</strong> recycling of <strong>the</strong> hydrogen. 17
Page 1 and 2: EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GEN
Page 3 and 4: 2 PURIFICATION OF NON-FERTILISER GR
Page 5: List of tables Table 1.1: Typical c
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Page 48 and 49: References 41 Solvay S.A. (2003). "
Page 50 and 51: References 95 CEFIC-Brunner Mond (2
Page 52 and 53: Glossary SS Suspended Solids (conte
Page 54 and 55: Glossary Ca 2+ Calcium ion CaC2 Cal
Page 56: Glossary (NH4)2SO4 Ammonium sulphat

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