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This document has not been fully peer reviewed and <strong>the</strong> <strong>information</strong> within is not validated nor endorsed by <strong>the</strong> TWG on LVIC-S or by <strong>the</strong> European Commission, it is meant for <strong>information</strong>, only A process flow diagram illustrating <strong>the</strong> production of FeCl3 based on scrap iron, hydrochloric acid and chlorine is given in Figure 1.7 below: 14 HCl Spent liquor Cl2(g) Water Reactor Scrap iron Filtration Chlorination H2 (Ferrous Chloride (FeCl2) Sludge FeCl3 Figure 1.7: Process diagram - production of FeCl3 based on scrap iron, HCl and chlorine [CEFIC-INCOPA, 2004 #112] 1.4.2.3 Ferric chloride solution (spent FeCl2 liquor + chlorine) Reaction: FeCl2 + ½ Cl2 (g) FeCl3 The spent liquor (FeCl2 + free HCl) recovered from different industries (for example: steel industry, galvanising industry, wire industry, …) can be added to a reactor with iron to neutralise free HCl (in case when <strong>the</strong> concentration of free HCl >1 %), and <strong>the</strong>n oxidised to ferric chloride by chlorine (see Figure 1.7 above) or, alternatively, directly converted into ferric chloride by chlorination if <strong>the</strong> concentration of free HCl 70 %) in hydrochloric acid (HCl >33 %). The reaction takes place at <strong>the</strong> temperature of 80 – 120 °C and under ambient pressure, reaction time being 1 – 2 h. A process flow diagram illustrating <strong>the</strong> production of FeCl3 based on iron ore and hydrochloric acid is given in Figure 1.8 below:
This document has not been fully peer reviewed and <strong>the</strong> <strong>information</strong> within is not validated nor endorsed by <strong>the</strong> TWG on LVIC-S or by <strong>the</strong> European Commission, it is meant for <strong>information</strong>, only HCl Iron ore REACTOR FILTRATION FeCl 3 Sludge Figure 1.8: Process diagram - production of FeCl3 based on iron ore and hydrochloric acid [CEFIC-INCOPA, 2004 #112] 1.4.2.5 Ferric chloride solution (iron ore + hydrochloric acid + oxidation) Dissolution of iron ore in hydrochloric acid: Reactions: Fe3O4 (Fe2O3 + FeO) + 8HCl 2FeCl3 + FeCl2 + 4H2O Oxidation of ferrous chloride using chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, or sodium chlorate: or or FeCl2 + ½ Cl2 FeCl2 + HCl + ½ H2O2 FeCl2 + ½ NaOCl3 FeCl3 FeCl3 + H2O FeCl3 + ½ NaOCl The iron ore (magnetite: 2/3 Fe2O3 + 1/3 FeO) is dissolved in a reactor with hydrochloric acid (HCl >33 %) at <strong>the</strong> temperature of >80 °C, to obtain a mixture of ferric chloride and ferrous chloride. In turn, this solution can be totally oxidised to form FeCl3 using Cl2 (g) or NaClO3 or H2O2 as oxidants. In <strong>the</strong> different processes (Sections 1.4.2.1, 1.4.2.2, 1.4.2.3, 1.4.2.5), chlorine – as <strong>the</strong> oxidation agent – can be replaced with oxygen toge<strong>the</strong>r with hydrochloric acid. In some cases, it <strong>the</strong>n gives a more diluted FeCl3 solution. A process flow diagram illustrating <strong>the</strong> production of FeCl3 based on iron ore, hydrochloric acid and oxidation is given in Figure 1.9 below: 15
Page 1 and 2: EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GEN
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Page 5: List of tables Table 1.1: Typical c
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Page 48 and 49: References 41 Solvay S.A. (2003). "
Page 50 and 51: References 95 CEFIC-Brunner Mond (2
Page 52 and 53: Glossary SS Suspended Solids (conte
Page 54 and 55: Glossary Ca 2+ Calcium ion CaC2 Cal
Page 56: Glossary (NH4)2SO4 Ammonium sulphat

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