Additional Information submitted during the information exchange on ...

<strong>Additional</strong> <strong>Information</strong> <strong>submitted</strong> <strong>during</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>information</strong>
<strong>exchange</strong> on Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Solid and
O<strong>the</strong>rs Industry
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................VII
1 SELECTED ILLUSTRATIVE LVIC-S INDUSTRY PRODUCTS ..............................................1
1.1 Aluminium chlorides ..................................................................................................................1
1.1.1 Polyaluminium chloride ...................................................................................................1
1.1.1.1 General <strong>information</strong>..................................................................................................1
1.1.1.2 Process description ...................................................................................................2
1.1.1.2.1 Aluminium hydroxy chloride............................................................................2
1.1.1.2.2 Aluminium hydroxy chloride sulphate .............................................................2
1.1.1.3 Current consumption and emission levels ................................................................3
1.1.1.3.1 Aluminium hydroxy chloride............................................................................3
1.1.1.3.2 Aluminium hydroxy chloride sulphate .............................................................3
1.1.2 Aluminium chloride (solution) .........................................................................................4
1.1.2.1 General <strong>information</strong>..................................................................................................4
1.1.2.2 Process description ...................................................................................................4
1.1.2.3 Current consumption and emission levels ................................................................5
1.2 Aluminium sulphate....................................................................................................................6
1.2.1 General <strong>information</strong>..........................................................................................................6
1.2.1.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................6
1.2.1.2 <strong>Information</strong> on aluminium sulphate – inorganic coagulants.....................................6
1.2.2 Process description ...........................................................................................................7
1.2.3 Current consumption and emission levels ........................................................................8
1.2.3.1 Consumption of raw materials..................................................................................8
1.2.3.2 Major environmental impacts ...................................................................................8
1.3 Chromium compounds..............................................................................................................11
1.4 Ferric chloride...........................................................................................................................12
1.4.1 General <strong>information</strong>........................................................................................................12
1.4.1.1 Introduction – ferric chloride (FeCl3) .....................................................................12
1.4.1.2 Background <strong>information</strong> on ferric chloride (FeCl3)................................................12
1.4.2 Process description .........................................................................................................13
1.4.2.1 Ferric chloride solution (scrap iron + chlorine) ......................................................13
1.4.2.2 Ferric chloride solution (scrap iron + hydrochloric acid + chlorine) ......................13
1.4.2.3 Ferric chloride solution (spent FeCl2 liquor + chlorine) .........................................14
1.4.2.4 Ferric chloride solution (iron ore + hydrochloric acid)...........................................14
1.4.2.5 Ferric chloride solution (iron ore + hydrochloric acid + oxidation) .......................15
1.4.3 Current consumption and emission levels ......................................................................16
1.4.4 Special features and limiting factors...............................................................................16
1.4.5 Techniques to consider in <strong>the</strong> determination of BAT.....................................................17
1.4.6 Emerging techniques ......................................................................................................17
1.5 Potassium carbonate .................................................................................................................18
1.6 Sodium sulphate .......................................................................................................................19
1.6.1 General <strong>information</strong>........................................................................................................19
1.6.1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................19
1.6.1.2 Basic data on sodium sulphate production..............................................................19
1.6.2 Industrial processes used ................................................................................................21
1.6.2.1 Fibres process (Na2SO4 production from <strong>the</strong> viscose-fibre process) ......................21
1.6.2.2 MESSO process (from Glauber’s salt) ...................................................................22
1.6.2.3 Chromium process..................................................................................................23
1.6.2.4 Mannheim furnace process (hydrochloric acid)......................................................24
1.6.2.5 Methionine process.................................................................................................25
1.6.2.6 Formic acid process ................................................................................................27
1.6.3 Current emission and energy consumption levels ..........................................................28
1.6.4 Techniques to consider in <strong>the</strong> determination of BAT.....................................................29
1.7 Zinc chloride.............................................................................................................................31
1.8 Zinc sulphate.............................................................................................................................32
1.9 Sodium bisulphate ....................................................................................................................33