Rules of Tajweed The Rules of Hamza - Al Huda Institute Canada

Rules of Tajweed
The Rules of Hamza: نﺎﺗﺰﻤﻬﻟا
Hamza is of two types, both of which are found in the Qur’an.
1. Hamza al Qat’i ﻊﻄﻘﻟا ةﺰﻤﻫ - Also known as hamza al asl. Sign: ء
The hamza may appear anywhere in the word. The hamza would be pronounced with the harakah
on top of it irrespective of what it is sitting on.
e.g. ﺖْﻤَﻌْﻧَأ ،ِءﺎَﻤْﺳَﻷا ، ِﺊﱢﻴﱠﺴﻟا ،ﺔَﻜِﺋَﻼَﳌا ،ُﺬِﺧاَﺆُﻳ
2. Hamza al Wasl ﻞﺻﻮﻟا ةﺰﻤﻫ - Sign:
The hamza al wasl is an extra hamza at the beginning of a word, which is pronounced when
starting with the word, and dropped when continuing [i.e., joining the previous word with the
word that has hamza al wasl].
e.g. When Starting ﷲا ُﺪْﻤَْﳊَا
When Continuing ﷲ ُﺪْﻤَ
ْﳊ ٱِﻞُﻗ
How to Read Hamza al Wasl - Hamza al wasl can be found in verbs, nouns, and prepositions [letter].
1. In Verbs - Apply the third letter rule:
If harakah on the 3rd letter is fat’hah or kasrah, then hamza al wasl is read with a kasrah.
Examples: ﺮِﺒْﺻِا ، ﻒِﺸْﻛِا ، ﻰَﻀَﺗرِا ، اﻮُﺒْﻴِﺠَﺘْﺳِا
If harakah on the 3rd letter is dammah, then hamza al wasl is read with a dammah.
Examples: ﺮُﻈْﻧُا ، اﻮُﻈِﻔْﺤُﺘْﺳُا ، َﻰِﻠُﺘْﺑُا
5 Exceptions: The third letter of the verb has a dammah [a presented dammah], but the hamza al wasl of these 5
words is read with a kasrah and not a dammah.
e.g. اﻮُﻀﻗِا ، اﻮُﻨﺑِا ، اﻮُﺸﻣِا ، اﻮُﺘﺋِا ، اﻮُﻀﻣِا
2. In Nouns - Hamza al wasl is always pronounced with a kasrah
a. ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻗ ءﺎﻤﺳا Verbal noun (masdar) derived from a 5 or 6 letter verb.
e.g. ًءاَﺮِﺘْﻓِا ، ءﺎَﻐِﺘْﺑِا ، مﺎَﻘِﺘْﻧِا ، اًرﺎَﺒْﻜِﺘْﺳِا ، رﺎَﻔْﻐِﺘْﺳِا
b. ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺳ ءﺎﻤﺳا Empirical Nouns - 7 words used in the Qur’an
e.g. ﻢﺳِا ، ٌؤُﺮْﻣِا ، ةَأَﺮْﻣِا ، نﺎَﺘَﻨْﺛِا ، َﺔَﻨْﺑِا ، نﺎَﻨْﺛِا ، ﻦْﺑِا
ٱ
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3. In Letter [preposition] - If hamza al wasl is followed by a laam [of preposition], then the hamza
al wasl will always be read with a Fathah.
e.g. : ىﺪﻬﻟَا ،ﺮﻤﻘﻟَا ،ضرَﻷَا ، مﻼﺴﻟَا ،ﻰﺤﻀﻟَا ،ءﺎﻤﺳﻷَا

ﲔﺗﺰﻤﻬﻟا ءﺎﻘﺘﻟا
The meeting of two hamza in one word. There are three instances of when this can occur.
1. When ﻞﺻﻮﻟا ةﺰﻤﻫ comes before ﻊﻄﻘﻟا هﺰﻤﻫ
أ ٱ e.g. َﻦُِﲤؤ
ٱ
a. When starting the word, the hamza al wasl is read with the appropriate vowel, depending
on the vowel of the third letter of the verb. Then, the hamza al qat’i that immediately
follows is changed in to a madd letter of the same category as the vowel used on the hamza al
wasl.
e.g. َﻦُِﲤوُا
َﻦُِﲤؤ
ٱ
ūtumina īdhan
b. When joining the word preceding the word starting with hamza al wasl, the hamza al wasl
will be dropped in pronunciation, while the hamza al qat’i saakinah stays fixed, and is
pronounced.
e.g. َﻦُِﲤؤ
ٱ ىِﺬﱠﻟا
alladhi’ tumina
2. When ﻊﻄﻘﻟا هﺰﻤﻫ comes before ﻞﺻﻮﻟا ةﺰﻤﻫ
ٱ أ
a. In verbs: Hamza al wasl is dropped in writing and pronunciation, while the hamza al qat’i of
questioning remains.
e.g. ُﰎْﺬَﺨﱠﺗ ٱ + أ ُﰎْﺬَﺨﱠﺗ ٱ َأ ُﰎْﺬَﺨﱠﺗَأ
Verb
Hamza
Istifhaam
نَﺬﻳِا نَﺬﺋ ٱ
نَﺬﺋ ُلﻮُﻘَﻳ
ٱ
yaqūlu’ dhan
How is the word pronounced? Exactly as it is written.
b. In nouns: When the questioning hamza al qat’i is present before a noun starting with لا ,
the hamza al wasl undergoes a change.
e.g. َنﻵا + َأ could be pronounced in 2 ways:
a. َنﻵآ َأ - Madd al Faraq (six counts)
b. َنﻵَا َأ - Tas’heel (no madd) - the hamza al wasl is pronounced but “eased” so that it is between
a hamza and an alif, with absolutely no madd.
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3. When ﻊﻄﻘﻟا هﺰﻤﻫ comes before ﻊﻄﻘﻟا هﺰﻤﻫ
Both hamza must be read clearly with tahqeeq, meaning the hamza al qat’i is pronounced from
its place of articulation [makhraj].
e.g. َلِﺰْﻧُا َء
Exception in the Qur’an [Surah Fussilat: 44]:
Note: In the entire Qur’an, the hamza is read with ﻖﻴﻘvvﲢ. The above word is the only example in which the hamza
al qat’i is read with ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ.
When Tanween is followed by a Harf Saakinah
When tanween is followed by a harf saakinah, a nūn with a kasrah is pronounced to connect the
two words. This is because in Arabic there is a rule that forbids the meeting of two saakin letters
between two words, thus the nūn in the sounding of the tanween will acquire a kasrah.
e.g.1. ُﻪَﻨﺑ ٱ ٌحﻮُﻧ = ُﻪَﻨﺑ ﻦُﺣﻮُﻧ
Note: There is a hamza al wasl at the beginning of the second word. When joining the two words, the
hamza al wasl will be dropped in pronunciation.
e.g.2. َﻦﻳِﺬﱠﻟ ٱ اًرﻮُﺨَﻓ
َﻦﻳِﺬﱠﻟ ٱ اَرﻮُﺨَﻓ
ِن
Note: This rule is only applied when you are joining the two words.
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The first hamza in this word is pronounced with , meaning it is pronounced
ﻖﻠﺣ ﻰﺼﻗا
from its articulation point, .
The second hamza in this word is read with ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ.
ﻖﻴﻘﲢ
a. ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ : The pronunciation of the hamza is ‘eased’ so that it is between a hamza and an alif.
Therefore, the sounding of the second hamza will not resemble the first hamza nor will it
sound like an alif. Rather, it should be pronounced in between the two.
Harf
Saakinah
Tanween
Tanween
When a letter has tashdeed, it denotes
that there are 2 of the same letter
ﱠل = َل + ل First harf is sakin
ٱ
2 Sakin letters, therefore
the nun of tanween will
acquire a kasrah
Fat’hatain becomes
Fat’hah
The nun with kasrah is
pronounced but not written
ُﻪَﻨﺑ ٱ ُحﻮُﻧ
ِن
Dammatain becomes
Dammah
nūhu nib nahū
The nun with kasrah is
pronounced but not written
fakhūra nilladhīna

How would you pronounce the following words?
a. ﱡﻖَْﳊا
ٍﺬِﺌَﻣْﻮَﻳ
b. ﺎَﻫﻮُﻤُﺘْﻓَﺮَﺘْﻗا ٌلاَﻮْﻣَأَو
c. ﺎَﻤَﻌْﻄَﺘْﺳا ٍﺔَﻳْﺮَﻗ
d. ىِﺬﱠﻟا ٍةَﺰَُﳌ
e. ُﺔﱠﻴِﺻَﻮْﻟا اًﺮْﻴَﺧ
f. ﷲاأ
g. ٍخَﺄِﺑ ﻲِﻧﻮُﺘْﺋا َلﺎَﻗ
h. ﻲِﻧﻮُﺘْﺋا
i. ْاﻮُﺒَﻠَﻘﻧا
j. ﺎَﻬَﺟَﺮْﺨَﺘْﺳا
k. ْاﻮُﺳَﺄْﻴَﺘْﺳا
l. َضْرَﻷا
m. ِﺚﻳِدﺎَﺣَﻷا
n. ﻲِﻨَﻌَﺒﱠﺗا
o. ْاﻮَﻘﱠﺗا
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