Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 6-A - Thunderbolt Kids
Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 6-A - Thunderbolt Kids Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 6-A - Thunderbolt Kids
NEW WORDS • shelf-life DID YOU KNOW? The Xhosa people leave milk to curdle in a hide sack or calabash to form a favourite semi-solid sour yoghurt drink. 4.2 How are foods processed? There are dierent levels of food processing. The key question is to ask: has any process occurred from when this plant or animal was in its natural habitat to where it is now? If you can say yes then you know that it has been processed in some way or another. Levels of food processing Minimally processed foods: • Fruit and vegetables, nuts, meat and milk undergo very little processing from when the plant or animal product was in its natural habitat to the point where it lands on your table. • They need to harvested, washed and sometimes peeled, chopped, juiced or cut to remove inedible parts, before they are sold. These have a very short shelf-life. Milk and juice are minimally processed. Processed food ingredients: Vegetables are washed, cut and cooked. This is minimal processing. • Products with alonger shelf-life, like flours, oils, fats, sugars, syrups, margarine, sweeteners and starches, fall into this category. • The original product has been changed and the ingredient does not look like the original kernel or grain, or oil seed or beans. • These processing techniques often break down any nutrient values and the manufacturers often add in extra nutrients, vitamins and minerals to their foods. 64 Life and Living
Highly processed foods: • Highly processed foods include snack foods and desserts, biscuits, cereal bars, chips, cakes and pastries as well as soft drinks and breads, pastas, breakfast cereals and infant formula. • Animal products that are highly processed include processed meats (smoked, canned, salted or cured, nuggets, fish fingers, viennas, many sausages and boerewors, and burgers) Polony is ahighly processed food. The table below shows how a raw product is processed to make a raw ingredient which looks very dierent to the original raw product. Then the processed raw ingredients are used to make highly processed foods, such as bread. The raw product: Wheat The processed ingredient: Flour The highly processed food: Bread Chapter 4. Food processing DID YOU KNOW? The Swazi people make Marula beer by placing the ripe fruit in large traditional pots and letting them ferment. DID YOU KNOW? Mealie meal made by grinding maize forms a huge part of the diet in many indigenous cultures in southern Africa, such as the Ndebele, Zulu and Swazi. 65
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Highly processed foods:<br />
• Highly processed foods include snack foods <strong>and</strong> desserts,<br />
biscuits, cereal bars, chips, cakes <strong>and</strong> pastries as well as soft<br />
drinks <strong>and</strong> breads, pastas, breakfast cereals <strong>and</strong> infant<br />
formula.<br />
• Animal products that are highly processed include processed<br />
meats (smoked, canned, salted or cured, nuggets, fish fingers,<br />
viennas, many sausages <strong>and</strong> boerewors, <strong>and</strong> burgers)<br />
Polony is ahighly processed food.<br />
The table below shows how a raw product is processed to make a<br />
raw ingredient which looks very dierent to the original raw<br />
product. Then the processed raw ingredients are used to make<br />
highly processed foods, such as bread.<br />
The raw product:<br />
Wheat<br />
The processed<br />
ingredient: Flour<br />
The highly<br />
processed food:<br />
Bread<br />
Chapter 4. Food processing<br />
DID YOU KNOW?<br />
The Swazi people<br />
make Marula beer by<br />
placing the ripe fruit<br />
in large traditional<br />
pots <strong>and</strong> letting them<br />
ferment.<br />
DID YOU KNOW?<br />
Mealie meal made by<br />
grinding maize forms<br />
a huge part of the diet<br />
in many indigenous<br />
cultures in southern<br />
Africa, such as the<br />
Ndebele, Zulu <strong>and</strong><br />
Swazi.<br />
65