Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 5-B ... - Thunderbolt Kids

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Teacher's Note You can demonstrate this by using pencils and placing abunch of pencils next to each other. Then put aheavy object on top of the pencils and push it along. As the object moves the pencils underneath it move too. The Egyptians used this method to move the massive blocks of stone to build their pyramids. But, there were still many problems with using logs cut from trees. QUESTIONS Can you think of some of the problems of using logs to try to move very heavy objects? Discuss with your friends around you and write your answers below. Logs not of the same size or length. Needed alot oflogs and then had to move logs as well. Teacher's Note This can be demonstrated by using dierent shapes and sizes of pencils and pens. Later on, people then started to cut the logs into short pieces so that they were the same size. It was like a wooden disc. But the wooden disc could not stand up by itself so people attached a wooden pole between two of the wooden discs. This was the axle that is still used nowadays. This is how the first wheel axle were developed! People could then balance goods on the axle and use this simple machine to pull or push objects along. But this wheel was still very heavy! To make it lighter, the wheel was changed to a round frame with spokes, like a wagon wheel. This made it much lighter and easier to move. Since then, the wheel has advanced a lot. Think of the shiny metal and rubber wheels you see on cars today! 54 Energy and Change
A wagon wheel and the modern rubber and metal rimmed wheels we have today. How do wheels and axles help us? A wheel and axle is asimple machine. A machine is used to make it easier to move a load. It is much easier to move a heavy bag on awheelbarrow rather than to carry it by hand. A wheel and axle is made up of awheel (large cylinder) joined onto an axle (which is asmall cylinder). Chapter 4. Systems for moving things VISIT Wheels and axles (video). goo.gl/LAvza 55
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Natural Sciences and Technology Gra
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AUTHORS LIST This book was written
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THE NATURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
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Matter and Materials and Structures
Page 12 and 13: 1 Stored energy in fuels 4 KEY QUES
Page 14 and 15: VISIT How fossil fuels are made. go
Page 16 and 17: So we can say that food is the fuel
Page 18 and 19: MATERIALS: • various packaging fo
Page 20 and 21: Coal is not only burnt in our homes
Page 22 and 23: 2. Remove both ends of the large ca
Page 24 and 25: QUESTIONS: 1. Which fuel contained
Page 26 and 27: INVESTIGATION: What happens when af
Page 28 and 29: VISIT Burning substances in air and
Page 30 and 31: 3. Write a description next to each
Page 32 and 33: 3. What causes of fire can you iden
Page 34 and 35: 3. Some points to think about when
Page 36 and 37: 1. Describe the relationship betwee
Page 38 and 39: 2 Energy and electricity 30 KEY QUE
Page 40 and 41: When the electrical energy is trans
Page 42 and 43: A car needs energy to start its eng
Page 44 and 45: Huge pylons carrying the transmissi
Page 46 and 47: ACTIVITY: 10 Safety tips for electr
Page 48 and 49: KEY CONCEPTS Never stick a metal kn
Page 50 and 51: 3 Energy and movement 42 KEY QUESTI
Page 52 and 53: 2. Tie another elastic band around
Page 54 and 55: QUESTIONS Look up adefinition for p
Page 56 and 57: 5. Place it in the water, and let i
Page 58 and 59: QUESTIONS Use your knowledge of spr
Page 60 and 61: 4 Systems for moving things 52 KEY
Page 64 and 65: QUESTIONS Label the two wheels and
Page 66 and 67: 4. Place a few marbles or some othe
Page 68 and 69: 6. Repeat this for the other 2wheel
Page 70 and 71: The board makes bearings for the ax
Page 72 and 73: INSTRUCTIONS: Things you can use fo
Page 74 and 75: REVISION: 1. List four dierent vehi
Page 78 and 79: 1 Planet Earth 70 KEY QUESTIONS •
Page 80 and 81: • The Earth spins right around in
Page 82 and 83: 3. Was it daytime in Saudi Arabia?
Page 84 and 85: VISIT Short video showing the sun,
Page 86 and 87: The planets move in orbits around t
Page 88 and 89: MATERIALS: • 100m heavy string
Page 90 and 91: Teacher's Note Make sure to point o
Page 92 and 93: 2 Surface of the Earth 84 KEY QUEST
Page 94 and 95: QUESTIONS: 1. What is under the flo
Page 96 and 97: Imagine we could cut aslice out of
Page 98 and 99: QUESTIONS 1. If you dig ahole in th
Page 100 and 101: Teacher's Note Iron melts at those
Page 102 and 103: The hole will come to of the other
Page 104 and 105: Look at the place where the water h
Page 106 and 107: VISIT Rocks erode to form soil (vid
Page 108 and 109: ACTIVITY: Make a model of acid wate
Page 110 and 111: ACTIVITY: Look at dierent kinds of
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MATERIALS: • 3 big cool drink bot
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In the beginning, you might think t
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The topsoil has gone from this land
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INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Collect two tins o
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QUESTIONS 1. Can you make pots with
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VISIT Interesting website about soi
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QUESTIONS: 1. Are the drops on the
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Set up the soils as you see in the
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Which soil type do plants grow best
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Average height grown by seedlings i
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Answer: Crust, mantle, core. 2. Wha
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3 Sedimentary rocks VISIT Dierent r
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Sediments When the sand grains coll
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2. Which is the oldest sediment? Th
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Look at the layers in the sedimenta
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This is how the mountains look now.
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A sculpture made from limestone. 10
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Cement is also made from shale. The
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4 Fossils 140 KEY QUESTIONS • Wha
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VISIT When a T-Rex attacks! (video)
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VISIT How are fossils formed? goo.g
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Teacher's Note Of course, it's much
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Teacher's Note Note that the mould
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There was a flood and the river ros
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A footprint which has hardened in t
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Do you know where this is in South
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VISIT Finding the coelacanth (video
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I just love learning more and more
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ACTIVITY: Thinking about the Cradle
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REVISION: 1. Are animal fossils mad
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5 Notes 164 Chapter 1 Stored energy
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Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 5-B ... - Thunderbolt Kids

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