Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 5-B ... - Thunderbolt Kids

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Coal is not only burnt in our homes for cooking and keeping us warm. It is also burnt in large quantities to make electricity. A power station is alarge factory where the coal is burnt in large amounts to produce electricity. A power station. 4 We can also do an investigation to find out how much energy is stored in fuels. INVESTIGATION: How much energy can we get from dierent fuels? Teacher's Note The teacher must make the apparatus as per the instructions in the method. This investigation must be performed by the teacher or under very careful teacher supervision due to the fire hazard. If possible, watch the video in the Visit box to get an idea of the experiment. If you cannot perform the experiment in your class, then possibly play the video for learners. This investigations makes use of simple equipment such as tin cans and corks. But, if you have access to a science laboratory, then you can use ametal retort stand, test tube and bunsen burner instead. But, the idea of this investigation is to show that you do not need fancy science apparatus to perform an experiment. AIM: To determine which fuel contains the most amount of energy MATERIALS AND APPARATUS: • a cork • a needle • peanuts (other fuels such as apiece of wood, candle wax or piece of biscuit) • a large metal can (eg coee tin) 12 Energy and Change
• a small metal can (eg soup can) with paper label removed • a can opener • a hammer • a large nail • a metal spike longer than the diameter of large can • 150 ml of water • a thermometer • a lighter Teacher's Note The idea of this investigation is to examine the amount of energy given o by a peanut. NB: Learners might struggle with linking a burning object, with energy given o, which then heats water, which then gives a reading on athermometer. Take time to explain how a burning peanut can result in adierent reading on a thermometer, and that we are actually looking at the energy given o and not the reading on the thermometer. The thermometer reading is an indicator that more energy is released. The experiment can be taken further to compare dierent fuels. You can also use apiece of wood, piece of candle wax, piece of biscuit (approximately the same weight of each fuel). It is important to burn the same weight of each fuel so that you can directly compare the amount of energy given o per gram of weight. Method: 1. Carefully push the eye of the needle into the smaller end of the cork. Then gently push the pointed end of the needle into a peanut. If the peanut breaks, use another peanut. Set up your peanut and cork like this. Chapter 1. Stored energy in fuels 13
Page 1 and 2: Natural Sciences and Technology Gra
Page 3 and 4: AUTHORS LIST This book was written
Page 5 and 6: THE NATURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Page 7: Matter and Materials and Structures
Page 12 and 13: 1 Stored energy in fuels 4 KEY QUES
Page 14 and 15: VISIT How fossil fuels are made. go
Page 16 and 17: So we can say that food is the fuel
Page 18 and 19: MATERIALS: • various packaging fo
Page 22 and 23: 2. Remove both ends of the large ca
Page 24 and 25: QUESTIONS: 1. Which fuel contained
Page 26 and 27: INVESTIGATION: What happens when af
Page 28 and 29: VISIT Burning substances in air and
Page 30 and 31: 3. Write a description next to each
Page 32 and 33: 3. What causes of fire can you iden
Page 34 and 35: 3. Some points to think about when
Page 36 and 37: 1. Describe the relationship betwee
Page 38 and 39: 2 Energy and electricity 30 KEY QUE
Page 40 and 41: When the electrical energy is trans
Page 42 and 43: A car needs energy to start its eng
Page 44 and 45: Huge pylons carrying the transmissi
Page 46 and 47: ACTIVITY: 10 Safety tips for electr
Page 48 and 49: KEY CONCEPTS Never stick a metal kn
Page 50 and 51: 3 Energy and movement 42 KEY QUESTI
Page 52 and 53: 2. Tie another elastic band around
Page 54 and 55: QUESTIONS Look up adefinition for p
Page 56 and 57: 5. Place it in the water, and let i
Page 58 and 59: QUESTIONS Use your knowledge of spr
Page 60 and 61: 4 Systems for moving things 52 KEY
Page 62 and 63: Teacher's Note You can demonstrate
Page 64 and 65: QUESTIONS Label the two wheels and
Page 66 and 67: 4. Place a few marbles or some othe
Page 68 and 69: 6. Repeat this for the other 2wheel
Page 70 and 71:
The board makes bearings for the ax
Page 72 and 73:
INSTRUCTIONS: Things you can use fo
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REVISION: 1. List four dierent vehi
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1 Planet Earth 70 KEY QUESTIONS •
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• The Earth spins right around in
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3. Was it daytime in Saudi Arabia?
Page 84 and 85:
VISIT Short video showing the sun,
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The planets move in orbits around t
Page 88 and 89:
MATERIALS: • 100m heavy string
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Teacher's Note Make sure to point o
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2 Surface of the Earth 84 KEY QUEST
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QUESTIONS: 1. What is under the flo
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Imagine we could cut aslice out of
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QUESTIONS 1. If you dig ahole in th
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Teacher's Note Iron melts at those
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The hole will come to of the other
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Look at the place where the water h
Page 106 and 107:
VISIT Rocks erode to form soil (vid
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ACTIVITY: Make a model of acid wate
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ACTIVITY: Look at dierent kinds of
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MATERIALS: • 3 big cool drink bot
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In the beginning, you might think t
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The topsoil has gone from this land
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INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Collect two tins o
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QUESTIONS 1. Can you make pots with
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VISIT Interesting website about soi
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QUESTIONS: 1. Are the drops on the
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Set up the soils as you see in the
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Which soil type do plants grow best
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Average height grown by seedlings i
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Answer: Crust, mantle, core. 2. Wha
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3 Sedimentary rocks VISIT Dierent r
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Sediments When the sand grains coll
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2. Which is the oldest sediment? Th
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Look at the layers in the sedimenta
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This is how the mountains look now.
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A sculpture made from limestone. 10
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Cement is also made from shale. The
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4 Fossils 140 KEY QUESTIONS • Wha
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VISIT When a T-Rex attacks! (video)
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VISIT How are fossils formed? goo.g
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Teacher's Note Of course, it's much
Page 156 and 157:
Teacher's Note Note that the mould
Page 158 and 159:
There was a flood and the river ros
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A footprint which has hardened in t
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Do you know where this is in South
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VISIT Finding the coelacanth (video
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I just love learning more and more
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ACTIVITY: Thinking about the Cradle
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REVISION: 1. Are animal fossils mad
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5 Notes 164 Chapter 1 Stored energy
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Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 5-B ... - Thunderbolt Kids

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