Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 5-B ... - Thunderbolt Kids

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VISIT How are fossils formed? goo.gl/qyZTC Can you see the dinosaur tracks?! 6 Also, the layers of rock which are lower down will be the oldest as they were deposited first. So the fossils in these layers will be from earlier times than fossils in rock layers which are closer to the surface. How did the bodies of animals and plants get into the rock? Have you perhaps seen the body of adead bird? Dogs, flies, ants and beetles all take away the parts of the body. The wind blows away the feathers and soon there is nothing left to see. But sometimes it does not happen like that. Imagine an animal died near a river. There was a flood and the river quickly covered the body with sand. In years after that, more floods brought more sand and put it on top. The heavy sand pressed down on the bottom sediments. Slowly, the bottom sediments became sedimentary rock. Let's try to make our own model to understand how fossils are formed in sedimentary rock! 144 Earth and Beyond
ACTIVITY: How to make a model of abody fossil Fossil-hunters look for fossils in sedimentary rock. They never know whether they will find afossil or not. They have to split open the rock layers to see any fossil. You are going to make a model of some rock that you will split open. Teacher's Note You will need to mix the plaster of Paris and get it ready for the learners. Show the learners how you do it, because this is part of their technology knowledge in the processing strand. Mix enough for two or three groups at a time, because it starts to set (= harden) quite soon after you add the water. If you cannot get plaster of Paris, then get screed mix from a building supply shop. This is cement, mixed with very fine sand. Another material you can use is putty, also from a building supply shop or hardware store. Mix cement powder or Polyfilla with the putty to make it harden quickly. A fourth material you can use is salt dough. You mix acup of cake flour with cup of water and add ateaspoon of salt. Mix the flour and water until you have a sti dough that you can shape. Finally, a material you can use is river clay; make it sti so that it can keep the shape of abone or leaf. Let it harden in the sunshine. MATERIALS: • small container: a plastic dish that you can cut up, or the bottom of amilk carton • a leaf with ribs that stand out, or • an animal bone, for example, a chicken bone • a little Vaseline • Plaster of Paris INSTRUCTIONS: Each group must make a model rock with afossil. Chapter 4. Fossils 145
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Natural Sciences and Technology Gra
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AUTHORS LIST This book was written
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THE NATURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
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Matter and Materials and Structures
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1 Stored energy in fuels 4 KEY QUES
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VISIT How fossil fuels are made. go
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So we can say that food is the fuel
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MATERIALS: • various packaging fo
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Coal is not only burnt in our homes
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2. Remove both ends of the large ca
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QUESTIONS: 1. Which fuel contained
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INVESTIGATION: What happens when af
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VISIT Burning substances in air and
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3. Write a description next to each
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3. What causes of fire can you iden
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3. Some points to think about when
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1. Describe the relationship betwee
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2 Energy and electricity 30 KEY QUE
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When the electrical energy is trans
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A car needs energy to start its eng
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Huge pylons carrying the transmissi
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ACTIVITY: 10 Safety tips for electr
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KEY CONCEPTS Never stick a metal kn
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3 Energy and movement 42 KEY QUESTI
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2. Tie another elastic band around
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QUESTIONS Look up adefinition for p
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5. Place it in the water, and let i
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QUESTIONS Use your knowledge of spr
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4 Systems for moving things 52 KEY
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Teacher's Note You can demonstrate
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QUESTIONS Label the two wheels and
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4. Place a few marbles or some othe
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6. Repeat this for the other 2wheel
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The board makes bearings for the ax
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INSTRUCTIONS: Things you can use fo
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REVISION: 1. List four dierent vehi
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1 Planet Earth 70 KEY QUESTIONS •
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• The Earth spins right around in
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3. Was it daytime in Saudi Arabia?
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VISIT Short video showing the sun,
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The planets move in orbits around t
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MATERIALS: • 100m heavy string
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Teacher's Note Make sure to point o
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2 Surface of the Earth 84 KEY QUEST
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QUESTIONS: 1. What is under the flo
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Imagine we could cut aslice out of
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QUESTIONS 1. If you dig ahole in th
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Teacher's Note Iron melts at those
Page 102 and 103: The hole will come to of the other
Page 104 and 105: Look at the place where the water h
Page 106 and 107: VISIT Rocks erode to form soil (vid
Page 108 and 109: ACTIVITY: Make a model of acid wate
Page 110 and 111: ACTIVITY: Look at dierent kinds of
Page 112 and 113: MATERIALS: • 3 big cool drink bot
Page 114 and 115: In the beginning, you might think t
Page 116 and 117: The topsoil has gone from this land
Page 118 and 119: INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Collect two tins o
Page 120 and 121: QUESTIONS 1. Can you make pots with
Page 122 and 123: VISIT Interesting website about soi
Page 124 and 125: QUESTIONS: 1. Are the drops on the
Page 126 and 127: Set up the soils as you see in the
Page 128 and 129: Which soil type do plants grow best
Page 130 and 131: Average height grown by seedlings i
Page 132 and 133: Answer: Crust, mantle, core. 2. Wha
Page 134 and 135: 3 Sedimentary rocks VISIT Dierent r
Page 136 and 137: Sediments When the sand grains coll
Page 138 and 139: 2. Which is the oldest sediment? Th
Page 140 and 141: Look at the layers in the sedimenta
Page 142 and 143: This is how the mountains look now.
Page 144 and 145: A sculpture made from limestone. 10
Page 146 and 147: Cement is also made from shale. The
Page 148 and 149: 4 Fossils 140 KEY QUESTIONS • Wha
Page 150 and 151: VISIT When a T-Rex attacks! (video)
Page 154 and 155: Teacher's Note Of course, it's much
Page 156 and 157: Teacher's Note Note that the mould
Page 158 and 159: There was a flood and the river ros
Page 160 and 161: A footprint which has hardened in t
Page 162 and 163: Do you know where this is in South
Page 164 and 165: VISIT Finding the coelacanth (video
Page 166 and 167: I just love learning more and more
Page 168 and 169: ACTIVITY: Thinking about the Cradle
Page 170 and 171: REVISION: 1. Are animal fossils mad
Page 172 and 173: 5 Notes 164 Chapter 1 Stored energy
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Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 5-B ... - Thunderbolt Kids

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