Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 5-B ... - Thunderbolt Kids

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VISIT When a T-Rex attacks! (video) goo.gl/v4Ne In recent history, we have books written to record what happened. We can look up in abook and read what someone who lived long ago wrote about that time period. But no human was around millions of years ago to record what happened then! So we have to use other ways to find out about what life was like on Earth millions of years ago. To do this, scientists use fossils! Fossils are actually our most valuable source of information about the ancient past! But what can fossils tell us about life long ago? Fossils tell us about the organisms that lived long ago. Imagine the first scientists that discovered adinosaur’s bones! These bones were much bigger than the bones of any other animal on Earth today! This immediately told the scientists that the animals from the past were really big! The bones of the Tyrannosaurus Rex tell us that it was very, very big! Fossils can tell us much more than just which organisms lived millions of years ago. By studying fossils of plants and animals, scientists can also work out information on how these organisms grew, what they ate, the environment they lived in and even some aspects of their behaviour and how they interacted! For example, studying fossilized feaces of an animal can give evidence about what an animal used to eat. By working out which plants used to grow during aparticular time 142 Earth and Beyond
period in Earth's history, scientists can work out what the climate was like during that time. We now know when there were ice ages where the whole Earth was covered in ice for thousands of years, and when it was warmer and there were droughts. 3 This may just look like a colourful rock, but it is actually fossilized wood. It was created millions of years ago when aforest was buried under mud. This is afossilized fern. 4 This is aclose up photograph of a fossilized tree trunk. It is not wood anymore but has turned to stone over millions of years. Can you see the rings? A fossilized footprint can tell lots of things about aprehistoric animal, such as how much it weighed, how big it was, and even at what speed it was running! Chapter 4. Fossils 5 143
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Natural Sciences and Technology Gra
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AUTHORS LIST This book was written
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THE NATURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
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Matter and Materials and Structures
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1 Stored energy in fuels 4 KEY QUES
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VISIT How fossil fuels are made. go
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So we can say that food is the fuel
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MATERIALS: • various packaging fo
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Coal is not only burnt in our homes
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2. Remove both ends of the large ca
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QUESTIONS: 1. Which fuel contained
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INVESTIGATION: What happens when af
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VISIT Burning substances in air and
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3. Write a description next to each
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3. What causes of fire can you iden
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3. Some points to think about when
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1. Describe the relationship betwee
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2 Energy and electricity 30 KEY QUE
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When the electrical energy is trans
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A car needs energy to start its eng
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Huge pylons carrying the transmissi
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ACTIVITY: 10 Safety tips for electr
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KEY CONCEPTS Never stick a metal kn
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3 Energy and movement 42 KEY QUESTI
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2. Tie another elastic band around
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QUESTIONS Look up adefinition for p
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5. Place it in the water, and let i
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QUESTIONS Use your knowledge of spr
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4 Systems for moving things 52 KEY
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Teacher's Note You can demonstrate
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QUESTIONS Label the two wheels and
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4. Place a few marbles or some othe
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6. Repeat this for the other 2wheel
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The board makes bearings for the ax
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INSTRUCTIONS: Things you can use fo
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REVISION: 1. List four dierent vehi
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1 Planet Earth 70 KEY QUESTIONS •
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• The Earth spins right around in
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3. Was it daytime in Saudi Arabia?
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VISIT Short video showing the sun,
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The planets move in orbits around t
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MATERIALS: • 100m heavy string
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Teacher's Note Make sure to point o
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2 Surface of the Earth 84 KEY QUEST
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QUESTIONS: 1. What is under the flo
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Imagine we could cut aslice out of
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QUESTIONS 1. If you dig ahole in th
Page 100 and 101: Teacher's Note Iron melts at those
Page 102 and 103: The hole will come to of the other
Page 104 and 105: Look at the place where the water h
Page 106 and 107: VISIT Rocks erode to form soil (vid
Page 108 and 109: ACTIVITY: Make a model of acid wate
Page 110 and 111: ACTIVITY: Look at dierent kinds of
Page 112 and 113: MATERIALS: • 3 big cool drink bot
Page 114 and 115: In the beginning, you might think t
Page 116 and 117: The topsoil has gone from this land
Page 118 and 119: INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Collect two tins o
Page 120 and 121: QUESTIONS 1. Can you make pots with
Page 122 and 123: VISIT Interesting website about soi
Page 124 and 125: QUESTIONS: 1. Are the drops on the
Page 126 and 127: Set up the soils as you see in the
Page 128 and 129: Which soil type do plants grow best
Page 130 and 131: Average height grown by seedlings i
Page 132 and 133: Answer: Crust, mantle, core. 2. Wha
Page 134 and 135: 3 Sedimentary rocks VISIT Dierent r
Page 136 and 137: Sediments When the sand grains coll
Page 138 and 139: 2. Which is the oldest sediment? Th
Page 140 and 141: Look at the layers in the sedimenta
Page 142 and 143: This is how the mountains look now.
Page 144 and 145: A sculpture made from limestone. 10
Page 146 and 147: Cement is also made from shale. The
Page 148 and 149: 4 Fossils 140 KEY QUESTIONS • Wha
Page 152 and 153: VISIT How are fossils formed? goo.g
Page 154 and 155: Teacher's Note Of course, it's much
Page 156 and 157: Teacher's Note Note that the mould
Page 158 and 159: There was a flood and the river ros
Page 160 and 161: A footprint which has hardened in t
Page 162 and 163: Do you know where this is in South
Page 164 and 165: VISIT Finding the coelacanth (video
Page 166 and 167: I just love learning more and more
Page 168 and 169: ACTIVITY: Thinking about the Cradle
Page 170 and 171: REVISION: 1. Are animal fossils mad
Page 172 and 173: 5 Notes 164 Chapter 1 Stored energy
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Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 5-B ... - Thunderbolt Kids

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