Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 5-B ... - Thunderbolt Kids

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4 Fossils 140 KEY QUESTIONS • What are fossils? • Why were the animals long ago dierent to animals we can see nowadays? • How do fossils form in rocks? • Why are fossils so important? • What is the Cradle of Humankind in South Africa? Why is it a World Heritage site? Teacher's Note Chapter 4 deals with fossils – the shapes that are left in the rock when a plant or animal has died there and been covered with mud, or else body fossils where the remains have been preserved over time. This chapter also deals with the importance of fossils and is a good chance to highlight the significant role that Africa and particularly South africa has played in documenting life's history on Earth, and the important fossils which have been found in South Africa. If you are based in gauteng, it is awonderful opportunity to go on aschool tour to the Cradle of Humankind at Maropeng and visit the museum which delights children and adults with its interactive display. 4.1 Fossils in rock These old photographs are of fossil hunters! These people are splitting open pieces of shale. They are looking for fossils in the
ock. The layers of the shale split apart and he sees the shape of a leaf or an animal in the rock. The shape is called afossil. All over the world, people find fossils of leaves and bones in the layers of sedimentary rock. These leaves and bones came from plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. They were not like the plants and animals we see today. Fossils are rock shapes of dead plants and animals A fossil is not the real leaf or bone you see; the rock has kept the shape of the leaf or the bone. This rock shape is called a fossil. Below you can see aphoto of afossil of the head of adinosaur, and the next image shows you what scientists think this dinosaur looked like. The fossil shape of the head of Massospondylus, a dinosaur that lived in the eastern Free State about 200 million years ago. 1 Paleontologists think that Massospondylus looked like this. 2 This fossil of the dinosaur’s head is not the actual bones, but it is actually now a rock in the shape of the dinosaurs bones. Over millions of years, the bones turned into rock. So, a fossil is the remains of an ancient plant or animal which has been preserved in a rock. Most of the organisms that paleontologists study are now extinct. This means that they are no longer alive today. Why are fossils so important? The Earth's past is fascinating to us! Imagine being around when all the dinosaurs were walking on Earth. As humans, we want to find out about Life's History on Earth. Chapter 4. Fossils VISIT Find out how scientists use fossils to recreate dinosaurs. (video) goo.gl/uKzeQ VISIT Early dinosaur evolution. (video) goo.gl/tWnJe 141
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Natural Sciences and Technology Gra
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AUTHORS LIST This book was written
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THE NATURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
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Matter and Materials and Structures
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1 Stored energy in fuels 4 KEY QUES
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VISIT How fossil fuels are made. go
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So we can say that food is the fuel
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MATERIALS: • various packaging fo
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Coal is not only burnt in our homes
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2. Remove both ends of the large ca
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QUESTIONS: 1. Which fuel contained
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INVESTIGATION: What happens when af
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VISIT Burning substances in air and
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3. Write a description next to each
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3. What causes of fire can you iden
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3. Some points to think about when
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1. Describe the relationship betwee
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2 Energy and electricity 30 KEY QUE
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When the electrical energy is trans
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A car needs energy to start its eng
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Huge pylons carrying the transmissi
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ACTIVITY: 10 Safety tips for electr
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KEY CONCEPTS Never stick a metal kn
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3 Energy and movement 42 KEY QUESTI
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2. Tie another elastic band around
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QUESTIONS Look up adefinition for p
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5. Place it in the water, and let i
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QUESTIONS Use your knowledge of spr
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4 Systems for moving things 52 KEY
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Teacher's Note You can demonstrate
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QUESTIONS Label the two wheels and
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4. Place a few marbles or some othe
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6. Repeat this for the other 2wheel
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The board makes bearings for the ax
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INSTRUCTIONS: Things you can use fo
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REVISION: 1. List four dierent vehi
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1 Planet Earth 70 KEY QUESTIONS •
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• The Earth spins right around in
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3. Was it daytime in Saudi Arabia?
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VISIT Short video showing the sun,
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The planets move in orbits around t
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MATERIALS: • 100m heavy string
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Teacher's Note Make sure to point o
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2 Surface of the Earth 84 KEY QUEST
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QUESTIONS: 1. What is under the flo
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Imagine we could cut aslice out of
Page 98 and 99: QUESTIONS 1. If you dig ahole in th
Page 100 and 101: Teacher's Note Iron melts at those
Page 102 and 103: The hole will come to of the other
Page 104 and 105: Look at the place where the water h
Page 106 and 107: VISIT Rocks erode to form soil (vid
Page 108 and 109: ACTIVITY: Make a model of acid wate
Page 110 and 111: ACTIVITY: Look at dierent kinds of
Page 112 and 113: MATERIALS: • 3 big cool drink bot
Page 114 and 115: In the beginning, you might think t
Page 116 and 117: The topsoil has gone from this land
Page 118 and 119: INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Collect two tins o
Page 120 and 121: QUESTIONS 1. Can you make pots with
Page 122 and 123: VISIT Interesting website about soi
Page 124 and 125: QUESTIONS: 1. Are the drops on the
Page 126 and 127: Set up the soils as you see in the
Page 128 and 129: Which soil type do plants grow best
Page 130 and 131: Average height grown by seedlings i
Page 132 and 133: Answer: Crust, mantle, core. 2. Wha
Page 134 and 135: 3 Sedimentary rocks VISIT Dierent r
Page 136 and 137: Sediments When the sand grains coll
Page 138 and 139: 2. Which is the oldest sediment? Th
Page 140 and 141: Look at the layers in the sedimenta
Page 142 and 143: This is how the mountains look now.
Page 144 and 145: A sculpture made from limestone. 10
Page 146 and 147: Cement is also made from shale. The
Page 150 and 151: VISIT When a T-Rex attacks! (video)
Page 152 and 153: VISIT How are fossils formed? goo.g
Page 154 and 155: Teacher's Note Of course, it's much
Page 156 and 157: Teacher's Note Note that the mould
Page 158 and 159: There was a flood and the river ros
Page 160 and 161: A footprint which has hardened in t
Page 162 and 163: Do you know where this is in South
Page 164 and 165: VISIT Finding the coelacanth (video
Page 166 and 167: I just love learning more and more
Page 168 and 169: ACTIVITY: Thinking about the Cradle
Page 170 and 171: REVISION: 1. Are animal fossils mad
Page 172 and 173: 5 Notes 164 Chapter 1 Stored energy
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Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 5-B ... - Thunderbolt Kids

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