LIBRARY

APTERA 73
In general they have much in common structurally with their near relatives,
the THYSANURA, from which they have only recently been separated. Some
of the chief points of difference are: the absence of compound eyes and
ocelli; less primitive mouth parts enclosed within the head, which characteristic
gives the name to the order (the mandibles are entire, toothed, and, in
some cases, have a small plate-like appendage, lacinia mobilis, near the apex);
the maxillary and labial palpi greatly reduced or atrophied; the coxal styli or
exopodites absent; the tarsi one-segmented; the lIth abdominal tergum comprises
a small suranal plate; the abdominal styli occur on sternites 1-7 or 2-7;
single pairs of protrusible vesicles on abdominal sternites 1-7, 2-7, on 2, or totally
absent; the cerci variable as already indicated; the Malpighian tubules
wanting or represented by papillre; the number of thoracic and abdominal spiracles
varying from three to 11 pairs; and three thoracic and seven or eight abdominal
ganglia are present.
These insecis definitely shun the light and are to be found most abundantly
in damp places under dead leaves, vegetable mold, litter, rocks, logs, bark, and
in soils rich in humus. They move with alacrity and seek concealment as rapidly
as possible. Their food consists of living and dead vegetable matter, fungi, and
perhaps also tiny animal life. They are widely distributed throughout the temperate
and tropical regions of the world, there being about 100 described species.
KEY TO FAMILIES
1. Cerci not segmenled, pincer-like. (Adult iapygids.) .
Cerci segmented .
2. Cerci open apically
Cerci not open apically .
3. Cerci as long as or longer than the antcnme.
Cerci shorter than tHe antennre. (Young iapygids.) .
. IAPYGIDlE
2
PROJAPYGIDlE
3
(Campodeids.)
CAMPODEIDlE
. IAPYGIDlE
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p. 74
p. 74
Family CAMPODEIDlE Westwood 1873 (Cam'po-de'i-dre, from the Greek
Ka/).7r71' caterpillar, + frOOS, form). Campodeids.
The members of this family are small, delicate, white, with slender flattened
bodies and with long conspicuous antennre and a pair of long cerci. They are
blind and occur in damp conditions as indicated above. They may be readily
reared in the laboratory in small closed glass or porcelain dishes. As they move
rapidly and are so fragile they must be captured with care and preserved in
70 per cent alcohol. Permanent slide mounts may be made directly from 95 per
cent alcohol into a medium such as De Faure's Fluid 3 and then ringed with
cement.
3 Gum arabic. .
Chloral hydrate .
Glycerin. . .
Distilled water . .
Chlorhydrute of cocaine
Mix and lilter.
30 grains
50 "
20 ce.
50 "
0.5 gram