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694 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY
Family SCOLIIDJE (Leach 1815) Westwood 1840 (Sco-Ii'i-dre, from the Greek
ITKOAtQS, curved, bent, crookedj referring perhaps to the bent antenna
and leg segments). Scoliid Wasps, Hairy Flower Wasps.
Small to large, mostly densely hairy, black wasps, spotted and banded with
white, yellow, orange, or red and some with iridescent reflections. Head somewhat
globular, usually narrower than thorax. Antennre short, bowed or curled.
Eyes large, entire or emarginate. Sternellum large and distinctly defined. Legs
short and strong; tibia; usually flattened, with long bristles; middle tibire with
one or two spurs and hind tibire two-spurred; claws simple or cleft. Wings usu·
ally present in both sexes; venation somewhat reduced, veins not extending to
the apical marginsj two or three radial cells; hind pair with anal lobe. Abdomen
elongated, often banded; segments margined with hairs; deeply constricted be.
tween sternites I and II; hypopygium of male armed or unarmed. The adults
are hunters and are often found in areas infested with white grubs, for which the
females dig into the soil. The grub is paralyzed by stinging, a crude cell is
excavated about it, the egg is attached, and the cell is closed. The larvre of the
wasp are ectoparasitic on the host. Other beetle larvre are also attacked, but
only during the last instar. Pupation occurs in the cocoons of the wasps in the
soil.
This family includes some of the largest and most magnificent wasps. Among
these is the Indian Scalia poreer I1Uger, 48-54 mm. long and 94-100 mm. wing
expanse, black with orange markings and blue-green iridescent wings. Camp.
someris annulata Fab. was introduced into the United States from China and
Japan to prey particularly upon the larvre of the Japanese beetle, PoPillia
japonica Newman. Important genera include Scalia Fab., Campsomeris Lepeletier,
and Liaeos Guerin.
Family TIPHIIDJE (Leach 1815) Thunberg 1870 (Tiph-i'i-dre, from the Greek
rL¢'1 and Latin tippula, a kind of insect or water spider). White Grub
Parasites, Tiphiid Wasps.
Small, slender insects varying from 7-13 mm. in length, mostly black, smooth
or sculptured, and clothed with dark or pale hairs. Head roundish, as wide as
thorax, and with a slender neck. Eyes circular. Ocelli very small. Antennre
short, straight in male, curled in female. Thorax may be less hairy than the rest
of body. Legs relatively short; middle tibhe with one or two spines; hind tibire
with two long curved spines. Wings narrow, transparent or infuscated; fore
pair with two or three radial cells; stigma distinct though short; first transverse
cubitus present or incomplete. Abdomen long and somewhat slender; with short
petiole; female with deep constriction between segments I and II (1 being considerably
narrower than U); male with or without spine at tip. The adults of
certain species frequent flowers, especially those of goldenrod and of the family
UMBELLIFERJE.
The members of this family are closely related to the SCOLIIDJE and have
similar habits in that they mostly parasitize the third-stage larvre of white
grubs. A single female may lay as many as 40 eggs on as many grubs. After she